Java Swing

Kumar Harshit, USW

A Simple Example

import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Simple extends JFrame {
public Simple() {
setSize(300, 200);
setTitle("Simple");

setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Simple simple = new Simple();
simple.setVisible(true);
}
}
Anatomy

 import javax.swing.JFrame;
 This is a top level container, which is used to place other
components.

 setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 This method will close the window.
Adding Buttons to a Frame
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class Buttons extends JFrame {

private Toolkit toolkit;
public Buttons() {
setTitle("Buttons");
setSize(300, 200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
getContentPane().add(panel);
panel.setLayout(null);
JButton beep = new JButton("Beep");
beep.setBounds(150, 60, 80, 30);
//continued….
Adding Buttons - II
beep.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { toolkit.beep(); } });

JButton close = new JButton("Close");

close.setBounds(50, 60, 80, 30);
close.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.exit(0); } });

panel.add(beep);
panel.add(close);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Buttons buttons = new Buttons();
buttons.setVisible(true);
}
}
Anatomy of buttons example

 Three new things to notice

 Add Panel to a Frame
 Layout Management
 Event Handling
Buttons Example – Adding Panel

 JPanel panel = new JPanel();

getContentPane().add(panel);

- We create a panel using JPanel, and then add the panel to the Frame.
- Note that getContentPane() is a method of Jframe class.
- getContentPane() method returns an object of type Container.
- To the returned container object, add a panel, using add method of
Container class.
- Components like textbox, button can be added to the panel
Button Example – Layout
Management

 panel.setLayout(null);
- A layout manager is used for laying out components.
- By default, a panel has FlowLayout Manager.
- setLayout(null) takes off layout manager from the panel. This means, we can
layout components as we wish

 JButton beep = new JButton("Beep");

beep.setBounds(150, 60, 80, 30);
panel.add(beep);
- 1st line, creates a button.
- 2nd line, places a button on the panel using setBounds method.
- 3rd line, adds a button to the panel.
Button Example – Event Handling

 beep.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
toolkit.beep();
}
});
- ActionListener is an interface, and is a sub-interface of EventListener.
- Above is an example of inner-class
- We are creating a class which has no name, but it implements ActionListener interface.
Inorder to do so, it also provides implementation for the actionPerformed() method.
- addActionLisener(), adds a Listener to the beep button.
- To make the above example easier, please see next slide.
Button Example – Event Handling

beep.addActionListener(new ButtonActionListener());

class ButtonActionListener implements ActionListener{

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event){
System.out.println("beep called");
}
}

- Create a new class ButtonActionListener, which implemetns Action Listener.

- beep.addActionListener(new ButtonActionListener)
- this line adds a listener to the beep button, if an event occurs, an object of
ButtonActionListener is created, and actionPerformed() method is invoked
Adding Tooltip

 Inthe previous example, add the following

code
– button.setToolTipText("A button component");
Menu and Toolbars

 To implement a menu-bar, use three classes

– JMenubar
– JMenu
– JMenuItem
How Menu Works

 JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();

 Create an object of type JMenuBar

 JMenu file = new JMenu("File");

 Create an object of type JMenu
 JMenuItem fileClose = new JMenuItem("Close", icon);

Create an object of type JMenuItem

 file.add(fileClose);
 Add menu-item to the menu.
 menubar.add(file);
 Add menu to the MenuBar object.
 setJMenuBar(menubar);
 Add menuBar to the Frame.
Menu - Code
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.UIManager;

public class Menu extends JFrame {

public Menu() {
setTitle("JMenuBar");
JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon("exit.png");
JMenu file = new JMenu("File");
file.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);

//continued….. Next slide

Menu – Code – Contd….
JMenuItem fileClose = new JMenuItem("Close", icon);
fileClose.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_C);
fileClose.setToolTipText("Exit application");
fileClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
System.exit(0);
});
file.add(fileClose);
menubar.add(file);
setJMenuBar(menubar);
setSize(250, 200);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Menu();
}
}
SubMenu and Separator

 JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();

 JMenu file = new JMenu("File");
 JMenu imp = new JMenu("Import");
 Imp.add(new JMenuItem(“import new feed….”));
 Imp.add(new JMenuItem(“import bookmarks….”));
– Here file and imp are both menu and contain further menu-items.
 file.add(new JMenuItem("New", iconNew));
 file.add(new JMenuItem(“Open", iconNew));
 file.addSeparator()
– This adds a separator after new and open, which are menu-items of file.
 file.add(imp);
– This adds a sub-menu to the File Menu, as shown in fig.
How to create a PopUp Menu

 menu = new JPopupMenu();

 JMenuItem menuItemBeep = new JMenuItem("Beep");
 menu.add(menuItemBeep);
 frame.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
if (e.getButton() == e.BUTTON3) {
menu.show(e.getComponent(), e.getX(),
e.getY()); }}});
Swing Layout Management

 No Manager
 Flowlayout Manager
 Gridlayout Manager
 Borderlayout Manager
 Boxlayout Manager
No Layout Manager

 This mean no layout manager is used.

 Components are laid out using explicit
values.
 Example on slide 3.
FlowLayout Manager

 The manager puts component in a row, in

the order they are added.
 If they don’t fit in a row, they are appended
on the next row.
 The components can be added left to right or
vice versa.
 Three constructors
– FlowLayout() //by default, centered, 5px spaces
– FlowLayout(int align)
– FlowLayout(int align, int hgap, int vgap)
Example of FlowLayout Manager
public class FlowLayoutExample extends JFrame {
public FlowLayoutExample() {
setTitle("FlowLayout Example");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
JTextArea area = new JTextArea("text area");
area.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 100));
JButton button = new JButton("button");
panel.add(button);
JTree tree = new JTree();
panel.add(tree);
panel.add(area);
add(panel);
pack();
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String[] args) { new FlowLayoutExample(); } }
Grid Layout Manager

 Itmakes a grid, and lays out components in

that grid.
 One component is placed in each rectangle.
Example: Grid Layout Manager

 Get a panel object

– JPanel p = new JPanel()
 Create grid layout manager
– GridLayout gl = new GridLayout()
 Add gridlayout to the panel
– p.setLayout(gl)
 Constructor
– GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int hgap, int vgap)
Example – Grid Layout Manager

public class GridLayoutExample extends JFrame {

public GridLayoutExample() {
setTitle("GridLayout");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(5, 4, 5, 5));
String[] buttons = { "Cls", "Bck", "", "Close", "7", "8", "9", "/", "4", "5", "6", "*", "1", "2",
"3", "-", "0", ".", "=", "+" };
for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++) {
if (i == 2) panel.add(new JLabel(buttons[i]));
else panel.add(new JButton(buttons[i]));
}
add(panel);
setSize(350, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setVisible(true); }
Border Layout Manager

 Divides spaces into 5 regions

– North, West, South, East, and Centre
 Can add only one component in one region
 If we want to add more than one component
in one reigion, then add a panel to that
region
Example: Border Layout
public class BorderLayoutExample extends JFrame {
public BorderLayoutExample() {
setTitle("BorderLayout");
JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu file = new JMenu("File");
menubar.add(file);
setJMenuBar(menubar);
JToolBar toolbar = new JToolBar();
toolbar.setFloatable(false);
ImageIcon exit = new ImageIcon("exit.png");
JButton bexit = new JButton(exit);
bexit.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0 ,0, 0, 0));
toolbar.add(bexit);
add(toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH);

//contd…
Example: Border Layout – Contd..
JToolBar vertical = new JToolBar(JToolBar.VERTICAL);
vertical.setFloatable(false);
vertical.setMargin(new Insets(10, 5, 5, 5));
ImageIcon select = new ImageIcon("drive.png");
ImageIcon freehand = new ImageIcon("computer.png");
ImageIcon shapeed = new ImageIcon("printer.png");
JButton selectb = new JButton(select);
selectb.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(3, 0, 3, 0));
JButton freehandb = new JButton(freehand);
freehandb.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(3, 0, 3, 0));
JButton shapeedb = new JButton(shapeed);
shapeedb.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(3, 0, 3, 0));
vertical.add(selectb);
vertical.add(freehandb);
vertical.add(shapeedb);
//contd…
Example: Border Layout – Contd..
add(vertical, BorderLayout.WEST);
add(new JTextArea(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
JLabel statusbar = new JLabel(" Statusbar");
statusbar.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(-1, 22));
statusbar.setBorder(LineBorder.createGrayLineBorder());
add(statusbar, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setSize(350, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLocationRelativeTo(null);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new BorderLayoutExample();
}
}