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Cognitivism (Applied Linguistics)

Cognitivism is a learning theory that views the human mind as an information processor. It emphasizes internal mental processes like how people acquire and organize knowledge. The main theorists of cognitivism are Noam Chomsky, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky. Chomsky proposed the idea of an innate language acquisition device. Piaget described stages of cognitive development and mechanisms like schemas and equilibration. Vygotsky developed the theory of the zone of proximal development. Cognitivism compares the mind to a computer and sees learning as involving mental processes like memory, perception, and problem-solving. It has strengths in explaining routines but weaknesses in oversimplifying complexity and ignoring emotions.

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842 views18 pages

Cognitivism (Applied Linguistics)

Cognitivism is a learning theory that views the human mind as an information processor. It emphasizes internal mental processes like how people acquire and organize knowledge. The main theorists of cognitivism are Noam Chomsky, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky. Chomsky proposed the idea of an innate language acquisition device. Piaget described stages of cognitive development and mechanisms like schemas and equilibration. Vygotsky developed the theory of the zone of proximal development. Cognitivism compares the mind to a computer and sees learning as involving mental processes like memory, perception, and problem-solving. It has strengths in explaining routines but weaknesses in oversimplifying complexity and ignoring emotions.

Uploaded by

IKadekDonySuantika
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cognitivism

By: Group 5

Group Member
I Gede Jana Utama Gede Andy Prawira I Kadek Dony Suantika I Gd Pt Purwa Dana A.A. Ratih Kusuma Dewi Made Sri Indraswari

Overview
Definition of Cognitivism

The Theorist of Cognitivism

The Strength & Weakness of Cognitivism Theory

The Comparison between Cognitivism and Behaviorism Theory

The Application of Cognitive Theory in Learning

Definition of Cognitivism
Cognitivism is the theory that humans generate knowledge and meaning through sequential development of an individuals cognitive abilities.

Definition of Cognitivism (cont)


Cognitive theory look beyond behavior to explain brain base learning, it emphasizes the role of mental processes. It often compare the human mind with computer.

The Theorist of Cognitivism


Noam Chomsky Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky , born December 7, 1928 an Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT.

Cognitivism by Noam Chomsky


Chomsky assumes that children are born with a language acquisition device( LAD). This LAD is made up of a set of general principles called universal grammar.

Jean Piaget
Born in Swiss, August 9, 1896 Died September 16, 1980 Study the natural sciences and received his Ph.D. in Zoology from University of Neuchtel in 1918.

Jean Piagets Theory


Theory of Cognitive Development (1960s-1970s) 1. SCHEMA 2. ASSIMILATION 3. ACOMODATION 4. EQUILIBRIUM

Cognitive Stage of Development


1. 2. 3. 4. Sensorimotor, (0-2year) Pre-operational (2-7years) Concrete operational period (7-11years) Formal operational period (11+)

Lev Vygotsky
Born in November of 1896 in Orsha, Russia Died: June 11, 1934 Studied at the Moscow State University and graduated in 1917

Lev Vygotskys theory


Sosiocultural Theory (1970s-1980s) 1. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Level 1 the present level of development Level 2 the potential level of development

2. More Knowledge Other (MKO) Language and culture

Strengths and Weaknesses of The Cognitive Approach


Strength Weakness

1. Enables consistency, 1. Task accomplishment may exact routines eg. logging not be the best way to on to PC. learn

2. It is using a more rigorous scientific method.

3. This area has worked with other areas of psychology to produce the following: social learning theory, social cognition and artificial intelligence.

2. Over simplistic - ignoring the huge complexity of human functioning compared to computer functioning. 3. Unrealistic and over hypothetical - ignoring the biological influences, emotions and grounding of mental processes.

The Comparison between Cognitivism & Behaviorism


Cognitivism Research subjects are often humans
Believe that human born with innate facility /LAD for acquiring language

Behaviorism Research subjects were mostly animals


All behavior including language as the result of stimuli and reinforcement.

Sees behavior as a point from which to abstract the mental processes behind the behavior
Uses information processing as a way to explain how humans perceive, remember, and understand the world around them

Views behavior as an irreducible consequence of environmental stimuli

Uses the stimulus and response metaphor to interpret exhibited behavior in the world and sets its inquiry according to the affordances of the metaphor.

Application of Cognitivism
How? 1. Knows the students prior knowledge 2. Use the concept learning theory to arrange easiest method to help them memorize it. 3. Let student active research, help them when they have question or problem.

Conclusion
Cognitivism is the theory that humans generate knowledge and meaning through sequential development of an individuals cognitive abilities. The theorist of cognivism: 1. Noam Chomsky ( LAD) 2. Jean Piaget (Schema, Assimilation, Accommodation, Equilibration and Disequilibrium, Cognitive development stages) 3. Lev Vygotsky ( Zone of Aproximal development) Cognitivism theory also has strengths and weaknesses. And there are also the differences between Cognitivism based on Chomsky and Behaviorism based on Skinner. The application of Cognitive theory in learning: Knows the students prior knowledge Use the concept learning theory to arrange easiest method to help them memorize it. Let student active research, help them when they have question or problem.

THANK YOU

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