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Mechatronics Presentation On Electrical Actuation & Mechanical Switches

Motion is a common parameter in any of the mechanical system and in fact there is no life without motion. Mechanical engineers are always on the lookout for generating motion as easy as possible with different methodsand techniques.

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Mainak Mallik
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962 views29 pages

Mechatronics Presentation On Electrical Actuation & Mechanical Switches

Motion is a common parameter in any of the mechanical system and in fact there is no life without motion. Mechanical engineers are always on the lookout for generating motion as easy as possible with different methodsand techniques.

Uploaded by

Mainak Mallik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHATRONICS PRESENTATION ON

ELECTRICAL ACTUATION & MECHANICAL


SWITCHES
By
SUBHOBROTO MALLIK
1MS12ME169
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MSRIT

Table Of Contents

Introduction
Actuators
Electrical actuation system
Switches
Mechanical Switches
Applications

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Introduction
Motion is a common parameter in any of the
mechanical system and in fact there is no life
without motion.
Mechanical engineers are always on the lookout
for generating motion as easy as possible with
different methodsand techniques.
An element in an engineering system which has
no motion and to which motion can be imparted is
called 'actuator'.

Diagrammatic Represenatation
Mechanism
Mechanism

Logical
Signal
Signal
Signal Processing
Processing
&
Amplification
& Amplification

Electric
Electric

Hydraulic
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Pneumatic

Final
Final Actuation
Actuation
Element
Element

Actuator
Actuator
Sensor
Sensor

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Definition
An actuator is a mechanical element and
actuating means imparting motion.
There are many methods of imparting motion to
an actuator depending on the type of energy
source required.

Types of Actuators
1. Electrical actuators
Electric motors

DC servomotors
AC motors
Stepper motors

Solenoids

2. Hydraulic actuators
Use hydraulic fluid to amplify the controller
command signal

3. Pneumatic actuators
Use compressed air as the driving force

Stepper motor and Servomotor

Servo
Motor

Basic Components
Actuator: The portion of the switch that comes in
contact with the object being sensed.
Head: It houses the mechanism that translates
actuator movement into contact movement. When
the actuator is moved as intended, the mechanism
operates the switch contacts.
Contact Block: It houses the electrical contact
elements of the switch. It typically contains either
two or four contact pairs.

Basic Components (contd.)


Terminal Block: The terminal block contains the
screw terminations. This is where the electrical
(wire) connection between the switch and the rest
of the control circuit is made.
Switch Body: The switch body houses the contact
block in a plug-in switch. It and terminal block in
the nonplug-in switch.
Base: The base houses the terminal block in a
plug-in switch. Nonplug-in switches do not have a
separate base.

Electrical Systems
An electrical system is a group of electrical
devices or components connected in a rational
manner to achieve and utilize the electrical energy
in an efficient and effective manner.
The basic elements that constitute an electrical
system are power supply,controlling unit, power
utilizing devices such as motor pumps and wiring.
Also additional elements such as transformer may
be included.

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Description and Classification


A group of elements arranged in a rationalized
manner to carry out the act of actuation of the
intended element or elements is an actuation
system.
Classification of actuation systems:
1) Mechanical Actuation System
2) Magnetic Actuation System
3) Thermal Actuation System
4) Hydraulic Actuation System
5) Pneumatic Actuation System

In mechanical Systems mechanical quantities


such as force,torque etc are used for imparting
motion with a group of mechanical elements
such as gears,belts,pulleys,cams,relays etc.

Electrical Actuation System


An electrical actuation system is one where
motion is imparted to the actuator using electrical
energy.
One of the main controlling element in any
electrical system is a switch.
Electrical energy imparts motion to a variety of
devices such as electrical motors,solenoids,relays
etc and hence they are called electrical actuation
systems.

Introduction To Switches
A switch is an electromechanical device that
consists of an actuator mechanically linked
to a set of contacts.
When an object comes into contact with the
actuator, the device operates the contacts to
make or break an electrical connection.
It can determine the presence or absence of
an object. It was first used to define the
limit of travel of an object; hence the name
"Limit Switch."

Definition And Classification


A switch is a mechanical device or an electronic
device used to connect and disconnect (semi
conductor device) power supply.
Classification of Switches :
1) Mechanical Switches
2) Solid State Switches

Types Of Switches

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Mechanical Switches
Mechanical switches are those where in
switching action is done by the appliication
of mechanical quantity i.e force on switch.
During mechanical action the mechanical
elements move within the switch.
These switches consists of one or more pair
of contacts which are mechanically closed
or open using a mechanism and in doing so
make or break the given electrical circuit.

Working Of A Keyboard
Switch

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Bouncing
When a mechanical switch of on-off type is
operated to close the contacts, because of
the elastic nature of contact, the contact
vibrates or bounces before final contact, this
is called Bouncing.Generally the bouncing
time is about 20 milliseconds. Similar effect
can occur when the switch is opened.

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Bouncing Period

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Debouncing
Mitigating or preventing the effect of switch
bounce is called Debouncing. Most commonly
used methods are:
Mechanical Soln. (eg membrane switches,
toggle switches)
Software Soln. ( Microprocessor)
Electronic Hardware Soln (D-flip flop circuit,
Schmitt trigger)
Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

Mechanical Advantages of
Limit Switches

Ease of use
Simple visible operation
Durable housing
Well sealed for reliable operation
High resistance to different ambient conditions
found in industry
High repeatability
Positive opening operation of contacts (some
models)

Electrical Advantages of Limit


Switches
Suitable for switching higher power loads than other
sensor technologies (5A at 24V DC or 10A at 120V AC
typical vs. less than 1A for proximities or photoelectrics)
Immunity to electrical noise interference
Immunity to radio frequency interference (walkietalkies)
No leakage current
Minimal voltage drops
Simple Normally Open and/or Normally Closed
operation

Disadvantages of Limit
Switches
Shorter contact life than solid-state
technology
Moving mechanical parts wear out
eventually
Not all applications can use contact sensing

Typical Applications

Conveyor systems
Transfer machines
Automatic turret lathes
Milling and boring machines
Radial drills
High speed production equipment

Thank You.

Ref: Fundamentals of Sensing, Rockwell Automation / Allen Bradley

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