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Cursors: How To Step Through The Returned Set of Rows

Cursors allow a user to iterate through the rows returned by a SELECT statement. A cursor must be declared with the CURSOR keyword and can then be opened, have rows fetched from it one by one, and closed. Cursors can be parameterized and allow processing of result sets row by row rather than returning the entire set at once.

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69 views12 pages

Cursors: How To Step Through The Returned Set of Rows

Cursors allow a user to iterate through the rows returned by a SELECT statement. A cursor must be declared with the CURSOR keyword and can then be opened, have rows fetched from it one by one, and closed. Cursors can be parameterized and allow processing of result sets row by row rather than returning the entire set at once.

Uploaded by

herculean2010
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cursors

How to step through the returned


set of rows
Selected set
• When a Select statement is issued, the
returned set is a set of rows.
• To step through, or process the rows in
the set, it is necessary to be able to look at
each one in turn.
• A CURSOR allows the user to iterate
through the returned set.
Managing explicit cursors
• The cursor can be declared in any part of
a PL/SQL block, subprogram or package.
• Within the program body, the cursor can
be OPENed, FETCHed and CLOSEd.
• A cursor cannot be assigned a value or
set of values – it must get its contents from
a select statement.
Declaring a cursor
CURSOR cursor_name [(parameter[,
parameter]…)]
[RETURN return_type] IS
select_statement;
• Where
– return_type is a record or row in a database table
– Parameter is defined as:
cursor_parameter)name [IN] datatype [{:= |
DEFAULT} expression]
Example cursor declaration
DECLARE
CURSOR lateOrd IS
SELECT supplierorderno, (delivereddate –
supplierOrderDate) from sorder where
(delivereddate – supplierOrderDate) > 5 or
delivereddate is null;
• This cursor will contain a set of rows of supplier
orders that either took more than 5 days to
deliver, or have not been delivered.
• The scope of the cursor is the scope of the block
in which it is declared.
Declaring the cursor with
parameters
DECLARE
nodays integer;
CURSOR lateOrd IS
SELECT supplierorderno, (delivereddate –
supplierOrderDate) from sorder where
(delivereddate – supplierOrderDate) >
nodays or delivereddate is null;
Opening and closing the cursor
DECLARE
CURSOR lateOrd IS SELECT …
…
BEGIN
OPEN lateOrd;
…
CLOSE lateOrd;
END;
This opens the cursor, but doesn’t fill it.
If it is a parameterised cursor, it could be:
OPEN lateOrd(3);
Fetching the cursor
DECLARE
CURSOR lateOrd IS
SELECT
supplierorderno, (delivereddate - supplierOrderDate)
from sorder
where (delivereddate - supplierOrderDate) > 5
or delivereddate is null;
LocOrdNo sOrder.SupplierORDERNO%Type;
DaysLate Integer;
BEGIN
OPEN lateOrd;
LOOP
FETCH lateOrd into LocOrdNo, DaysLate;
EXIT WHEN lateOrd%NOTFOUND;
dbms_output.put_line
('Order number '||LocOrdNo||' was delivered '||DaysLate||' days
late.');
End Loop;
Close LateOrd;
END;
Fetching
• Fetch retrieves the rows one at a time
from the result set.
• The named exceptions relating to cursors
are:
– %found, %notfound, %rowcount and
%isopen.
– These do not automatically raise an
exception, so you must test for them.
Cursor loop
Open LateOrd;
LOOP
FETCH lateOrd INTO LocOrdNo,
DaysLate;
dbms_output.put_line (lateOrd%rowcount||’.
Order number ’||LocOrdNo||’ was ‘||
DaysLate||’ days late.’);
END LOOP;
Dbms_output.put_line (‘Altogether, there
were || LateOrd%rowcount||’ late orders’);
Close LateOrd;
• This numbers the late orders.
Other Cursor qualities
• The implicit For loop can open the
cursor, fetch each item individually and
then close it (see next slide).
• Instead of having to itemise the columns
in the table, we can declare a cursor row
type:
• Declare
• cursor s1 is …
s1_rec s1%rowtype;
Cursors for update
• I want to up the cost price of all stock items that are
supplied by supplier number 101 by 10%.
Declare
cursor s1 is
select * from stock where supplier_Id = 501 for
update;
s1_rec s1%rowtype;
Begin
for s1_rec in s1 loop
update stock
set unitcostprice = unitcostprice * 1.1
where current of s1;
end loop;
commit;
End;

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