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Robotics & Automation Miniproject

This document describes a student mini project to build a line following robot that can avoid obstacles. It will use an ultrasonic sensor and ATmega 328P microcontroller to sense obstacles and change direction. The robot is designed to automatically navigate an unknown environment by detecting collisions using the ultrasonic sensor. It will follow a drawn line but change direction when an obstacle is sensed to continue moving safely. Block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and 3D models are presented to illustrate the robot design and components. The goal is to create an autonomous robot that can intelligently detect and avoid obstacles.

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Jeyshran Ravi
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227 views26 pages

Robotics & Automation Miniproject

This document describes a student mini project to build a line following robot that can avoid obstacles. It will use an ultrasonic sensor and ATmega 328P microcontroller to sense obstacles and change direction. The robot is designed to automatically navigate an unknown environment by detecting collisions using the ultrasonic sensor. It will follow a drawn line but change direction when an obstacle is sensed to continue moving safely. Block diagrams, circuit diagrams, and 3D models are presented to illustrate the robot design and components. The goal is to create an autonomous robot that can intelligently detect and avoid obstacles.

Uploaded by

Jeyshran Ravi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RO B O T IC S & A U T O M A T IO N

M I N IP R O JE C T
NKES RAVINDRAN
TEAM MEMBERS : LA
GETHAAN MAARAN
ID : E17101102
E1710XXXX
R. SUG ANANDH A B HARA THY
LECTURER : M
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
• OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT IS AN INTELLIGENT DEVICE THAT CAN AUTOMATICALLY SENSE THE OBSTACLE IN FRONT OF IT AND
AVOID THEM BY TURNING ITSELF IN ANOTHER DIRECTION. THIS DESIGN ALLOWS THE ROBOT TO NAVIGATE IN AN UNKNOWN
ENVIRONMENT BY AVOIDING COLLISIONS, WHICH IS A PRIMARY REQUIREMENT FOR ANY AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT. THE
APPLICATION OF THE OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT IS NOT LIMITED AND IT IS USED IN MOST OF THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
NOW WHICH HELPS CARRY OUT MANY RISKY JOBS THAT CANNOT BE DONE BY ANY SOLDIERS.

• WE WILL BUILD AN OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT USING AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR AND ATMEGA 328P IC WHICH IS ALSO AN
ARDUINO BASED. HERE AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR IS USED TO SENSE THE OBSTACLES IN THE PATH BY CALCULATING THE DISTANCE
BETWEEN THE ROBOT AND OBSTACLE. IF ROBOT FINDS ANY OBSTACLE IT CHANGES THE DIRECTION AND CONTINUE MOVING ON
THE LINE DRAWN.

• BEFORE GOING TO BUILD THE ROBOT, IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR WORKS BECAUSE THIS
SENSOR WILL HAVE IMPORTANT ROLE IN DETECTING OBSTACLE. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND THE WORKING OF ULTRASONIC
SENSOR IS TO NOTE DOWN THE TIME TAKEN BY SENSOR TO TRANSMIT ULTRASONIC BEAMS AND RECEIVING THE ULTRASONIC
BEAMS AFTER HITTING THE SURFACE. THEN FURTHER THE DISTANCE IS CALCULATED USING THE FORMULA. IN THIS PROJECT, THE
WIDELY AVAILABLE HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR.
• So, the Trig pin of HC-SR04 is made high for at least 10 us. A sonic beam is transmitted with 8 pulses of 40KHz each.
• THE SIGNAL THEN HITS THE SURFACE AND RETURN BACK AND CAPTURED BY THE RECEIVER ECHO PIN OF HC-
SR04. THE ECHO PIN HAD ALREADY MADE HIGH AT THE TIME SENDING HIGH.

• THE TIME TAKEN BY BEAM TO RETURN BACK IS SAVED IN VARIABLE AND CONVERTED TO DISTANCE USING
APPROPRIATE CALCULATIONS LIKE BELOW:
Distance= (Time x Speed of Sound in Air (343 m/s))/2
ROBOT COMPONENTS
APPLICATIONS & LIMITATION
LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

• THIS CAN BE USED IN DRIVER LESS CAR SYSTEM WITH SOME ADDED FEATURES LIKE
OBSTACLE DETECTION.

• THIS CAN ALSO BE USED IN INDUSTRIAL AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS.


LIMITATIONS OF LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT

• LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT REQUIRES 2-3 INCHES BROAD LINE.


• IT MAY NOT MOVE PROPERLY IF THE BLACK LINE DRAWN IS OF LOW INTENSITY.
• THE IR SENSORS MAY SOMETIMES ABSORB IR RAYS FROM SURROUNDINGS ALSO. AS A
RESULT, ROBOTS MAY MOVE IN IMPROPER WAY.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

SENSORS FOR LINE


MOTOR DRIVER
& OBJECT ATMEGA 328P IC DC MOTOR
L298 MODULE
DETECTION
PROJECT WORKING PRINCIPLE
LINE FOLLOWING ROBOTIC VEHICLE CIRCUIT WORKING

INITIALLY DRAW THE PATH ON A LIGHT COLORED SURFACE WITH BLACK COLOR TAPE.
PLACE THE ROBOT ON THE FLOOR.
NOW POWER ON THE CIRCUIT.
ROBOT MOVES IN THE SPECIFIED PATH.
WHEN IT MOVES OUT OF PATH, SENSORS CHECK IT AND AUTOMATICALLY ADJUST THE
ROBOT
RESULTS
PROTEUS DIAGRAM FOR DESIGN
PCB LAYOUT DIAGRAM OF DESIGN
3D VISUALIZER DIAGRAM OF DESIGN
3D VISUALIZER DIAGRAM OF DESIGN
LINE FOLLOWER & OBSTACLE AVOIDER ROBOT MODEL
CONCLUSION
• THE GOAL OF OUR PROJECT IS TO CREATE AN AUTONOMOUS ROBOT WHICH INTELLIGENTLY DETECTS THE
OBSTACLE IN ITS PATH AND NAVIGATES ACCORDING TO THE ACTIONS THAT WE SET FOR IT. SO WHAT THIS
SYSTEM PROVIDES IS AN ALTERNATE TO THE EXISTING SYSTEM BY REPLACING SKILLED LABOR WITH ROBOTIC
MACHINERY, WHICH IN TURN CAN HANDLE MORE PATIENTS IN LESS TIME WITH BETTER ACCURACY AND A
LOWER PER CAPITA COS

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