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BCA 103 Unit2 PPT

This document provides an introduction to constants, data types, and variables in the C programming language. It discusses the different types of constants in C including integer, floating-point, character, and string constants. It then describes the main data types - character, integer, float, long. It explains that variables must be declared before use and variables follow naming conventions. It also discusses symbolic constants and the C character set which includes letters, numbers, and special symbols.

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45 views21 pages

BCA 103 Unit2 PPT

This document provides an introduction to constants, data types, and variables in the C programming language. It discusses the different types of constants in C including integer, floating-point, character, and string constants. It then describes the main data types - character, integer, float, long. It explains that variables must be declared before use and variables follow naming conventions. It also discusses symbolic constants and the C character set which includes letters, numbers, and special symbols.

Uploaded by

Kinjal Bhatt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING

USING 'C' LANGUAGE

Session 2 [Block 1 - Unit 2]


Block 1: Basics of C
Unit 2 : Understanding Constants, Data types and
Variables
Index
Introduction

Types of Programming Languages

Introduction to C-Programming
Constants
• Constants are those quantities whose value may not change during the
execution of a C program.
• C Supports Integer, Character, String and Floating–point constants.

• Integer Constants : An integer constant contains digits. There are three


types of integers : decimal, octal and hexadecimal. An integer constant can
consist of any combination of digits from 0 to 9, they can be positive or
negative with + or – For example, 156, –562, 3584, +72, 0.

• Floating-point Constants : These constants are base 10 numbers that


contain either a decimal point or an exponent (or both). Some of the valid
floating–point constants are : 8.5, 0.6, 1.4526E + 5, 425147e15
cont.

• Character Constants : They are single characters, enclosed in single


quotation marks. For example, 'B', 'a', 'O', 'u' etc.

• String Constants : They consist of consecutive characters enclosed in


double quotation marks. For example, "Hello", "Welcome", "Computers",
"Object Oriented". The compiler automatically places a null character ('\0') at
the end of every string constant, as the last character within the string.
Data Types
Character
• Character data type is used in the C–Language to store or to access a
character.
• To declare the character type of variable we will use keyword "char".
• A variable declared with "char" datatype can store one character, and
variable will occupy 1Byte of storage memory space.

char ch;
ch= 'A';
printf ("%c", ch);
Integer
• Integer variables are used in the C–Language to store numbers without
decimal points.
• To declare a variable of type integer, we will use keyword "int".
• Any variable declared with type "int" will occupy 2 Bytes (=16 Bits) of space
in the memory.

int number;
number=45;
printf ("%d", number);
Float
• To access and to store any real value, float data type is used. C's float data
type occupies 4 bytes in the memory.

To declare any float variable :


float per;
float total;

To assign or to store some real value :


per=78.20;
total=123.45
Long
• To access and to store any integer value long data type is used. C's long data
type occupies 4 bytes in the memory.

To declare any long variable :


long account1;
longmobileno;

To assign or to store some long value :


account1=123456;
mobileno=9898998765;
Exercise 1

1. Variable declared with float data type will occupy ________space in memory.
[A] 1 Bytes [B] 2 Bytes [C] 4 Bits [D] 4 Bytes

2. From the following ______ is not a type of constant.


[A] Integer [B] String [C] Image [D] Floating–point

3. %c is used to print _______ value.


[A] character [B] Integer [C] Float [D] Double
Answers

1. Variable declared with float data type will occupy ________space in memory.
[A] 1 Bytes [B] 2 Bytes [C] 4 Bits [D] 4 Bytes

2. From the following ______ is not a type of constant.


[A] Integer [B] String [C] Image [D] Floating–point

3. %c is used to print _______ value.


[A] character [B] Integer [C] Float [D] Double
Character Set
• All those set of characters which are used to write a C program are called the
C character set.
• C uses the uppercase letters A to Z, the lowercase letters a to z, digits 0 to 9
and some special characters to form basic program elements.

• The C Character set is given below


• Uppercase Letters (A–Z)
• Lowercase Letters (a–z)
• Digits (0–9) and Special Characters ( #, }, < , / etc.)

• C also uses some combinations of these characters such as \t, \n, \b to


represent special conditions such as horizontal tab, newline and back space
characters respectively
C Tokens
• Keywords : Words with a specific meaning are known as keywords. Keyword
must not be used as variable names. There are 32 keywords in the
programming language
Cont.

• Identifiers : Identifiers are names given to various elements of a program


such as variables, functions and arrays. They consist of digits and letters
which can be in order but the first character should be a letter, using both
uppercase and lowercase letters, but should have different meanings.

• For example, Mam and mam are not same. The underscore character can
also be included and is treated as a letter.

• Given below are some valid identifiers :


• A05, Computer_05, interest_rate, WELCOME
Variables
• A variable is a storage location in your computer's memory which stores data.

• Variable Naming Convention :


To use variables in your C programs it must follow rules :
• The variable name can be of letters, or combination of letters and digits
or special character underscore character '_'.
• The first letter of variable must be a character or underscore and rest can
be digits.
• Variable names are case sensitive e.g. count and Count refer to two
different variables.
• Reserved words cannot be used as variable names. e.g. int, float, char, if,
else, include, for, while, switch cannot be name of variables.
Declaration of Variables
• Declaration of a variable involves specification of data type with it. In the
• C language all variables must be declared before they appear in executable
statements.
• The syntax for the same can be written as
• <data type> <variable name>;
int x, y;
float w, l;
int a[10];
char k[5];

• Thus, x and y are integer variables, w and l are float variables, a is an integer
array whose size is 10 and k is a character array with a size of 5
Assigning Values to Variables
• If the values of the variables are known, then you can present the
declarations as given below :
int x=5;
char name= 'A';
float z= 5.36;

• A character array also known as string, may also be initialized within a


declaration as shown below :
char name[]= "Computer";
Symbolic Constant
• Symbolic constants are also termed as sequence of characters. The
characters may represent a numeric constant, a character constant or a
string constant.
• Symbolic constant allows a name to appear in place of a numeric or
character or string constant.

• They are defined in the beginning of a program. For example :


# define MAX 10
Exercise 2
1. From the given below _____ is not a valid variable name.
[A] abc123 [B] abc+123
[C] abc_123 [D] All are valid variable names

2. In the declaration, variable names are followed by _______ .


[A] switch [B] continue [C] datatype [D] break

3. From the given below ______ is not a keyword.


[A] int [B] string [C] float [D] break

4. C–language character set includes ________.


[A] Alphabets [B] Numbers
[C] Special symbols [D] All of the above
Answers
1. From the given below _____ is not a valid variable name.
[A] abc123 [B] abc+123
[C] abc_123 [D] All are valid variable names

2. In the declaration, variable names are followed by _______ .


[A] switch [B] continue [C] datatype [D] break

3. From the given below ______ is not a keyword.


[A] int [B] string [C] float [D] break

4. C–language character set includes ________.


[A] Alphabets [B] Numbers
[C] Special symbols [D] All of the above
Thank You

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