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Algorithm Development

A pdf on algorithm development.

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rahiman.zoha
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26 views25 pages

Algorithm Development

A pdf on algorithm development.

Uploaded by

rahiman.zoha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algorithm

Development
What is an Algorithm

• It is the set of logical steps you will apply to solve a problem.


• An algorithm is expected to have the following characteristics:
• Algorithm steps should be clear and decisive.
• After a certain number of steps, the algorithm should end.
• Algorithms should be general enough to handle all possibilities.
1- Analyze the problem

• You must understand exactly what you need to do.


• “Understanding a problem is half-solving it.”
• Given a problem,
• you should identify the problem inputs, that is, the data you need to work with;
• outputs, that is, the desired results;
• any additional requirements or constraints on the solution,
• required format in which the results should be displayed (for example, as a
table with specific column headings) and
• a list of problem variables and their relationships (in terms of formulas).

3
1- Analyze the problem

• Problem: Given a distance in meters and the speed of a car in


miles per hour (mph), calculate how many minutes it will take
for that car to travel that distance.
• Inputs: distance (in meters)
speed (in mph)

• Output: time (in minutes)

4
1- Analyze the problem

• Develop a list of formulas that specifies relationships between


them.
time = distance / speed
• We need to calculate the distance in miles. 1 mile is 1.609344 km,
thus 1609.344 meters. So:
distance in miles = distance in meters / 1609.344
• Notice also that, we are required to calculate the time in minutes
time in minutes = time in hours x 60
5
2- Develop an algorithm

• Real life Examples:


• A recipe to prepare a meal
• list of ingredients and
• step by step instructions

6
Pseudocode

• Pseudocode: fake code


• Informal language that has no syntax rule
• Not meant to be compiled or executed
• Used to create model program
• No need to worry about syntax errors, can focus on program’s design
• Can be translated directly into actual code in any programming language
Algorithm
Start
Example 1
Enter first number
(a)
• Algorithm to print which of the two
Enter second number
entered number is smaller: (b)

if a < b print “First number is smaller”

if not a < b print “Second number is smaller”

End
Star
t

a, b

Flow Chart
a<
b Yes

(Ex. 1)
No

b is a is
smaller smaller

End
Algorithm
Start
Example 2
Enter first number
(a)

• Algorithm that calculates the Enter second number


(b)
average of two entered numbers:
Find summation of the two numbers and assign the
result to the sum (sum = a + b)

A5 Divide the sum by 2 and assign the result to the average


(average = sum / 2)

Print average

End
Star
t

a, b

sum = a +

Flow Chart b

(Ex. 2) average = sum /


2

average

End
Pseudocode Example

• Problem: Display Unsuccessful if the average of two


grades is less than 50, Successful otherwise
Input grade1, grade2
average = (grade1 + grade2) / 2
if (average < 50)
Output “Unsuccessful”
else
Output “Successful”
13
Algorithm
Example 3 Start

Enter a number
(number)
• Algorithm that prints whether an
entered number is positive or if number = 0 repeat A2
negative:
if number < 0, print “the entered number is negative” and
end the program

if number > 0, print “the entered number is positive”

End
Start

num

Yes

num =

Flow Chart 0

No

(Ex. 3) num <


0
No
num is
positive

Yes

num is
negative

End
Start

b, h

Flow Chart a=

(Ex. 4) b*h/2

End
Algorithm
Example 4 Start

Enter the base (b)

• Algorithm that calculates the area of


a triangle using a side length and Enter the height (h)
height of that side:
A4 Multiply the base by the height and divide by 2 and assign
the result to a (a=b*h/2)

Print a

End
Algorithm
Example 5 Start

Enter midterm grade (mt)


• Algorithm that calculates the
average of a student's midterm Enter final grade (fin)
grade and final grade (calculate by
taking 30% of the midterm grade A4 Take 30% of the midterm grade, 70% of the final grade and
and 70% of the final grade): add the two together and assign the result to the average
(average=0.3*mt+0.7*fin)

Print average

End
Start

mt

fin

Flow Chart
(Ex. 5) average = 0.3*mt +
0.7*fin

average

End
Algorithm
Example 6 Start

Enter radius (r)


• Algorithm for calculating the
circumference and area of a circle Take pi as 3.14
using radius (take pi as 3.14):
A4 Multiply the radius by the number of Pi and double it and
assign it to the circumference (circumference = 2*pi*r)

Multiply the pi by the square of the radius and assign to


the area (area = pi*r*r)
Print circumference and area

End
Start

pi =
3.14

Flow Chart circumference =


2*pi*r

(Ex. 6) area =
pi*r*r

circumference
, area

End
Start

num = 0

Flow Chart Yes


num >
999

(Ex. 7) num = num +


No

num

End
Algorithm
Example 7
Start
• Algorithm to print numbers from 1
assign zero value to number
to 1000:
if number is greater than 999 end the
program
If not add 1 to number and assign result to number again (number =
number+1)
Print number and repeat A3

End
Algorithm Example
8
Start

• Algorithm that converts an angle


Enter the angle in degrees (d)
entered in degrees to Radians and
Gradians:
A3 multiply the entered angle by the number pi, divide by 180 and
assign to the radian (r=d*pi/180)

A4 multiply the entered angle by 200, divide by the number pi and assign to the
grad (g=d*200/pi)

Print radian and grad

End
Start

Flow Chart
(Ex. 8)

End

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