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INTRODUTION TO HTML CODING FOR WEBSITE DESIGN - by Engr Peter A Ogbeide

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ENGR OGBEIDE PETER AFONA
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38 views45 pages

INTRODUTION TO HTML CODING FOR WEBSITE DESIGN - by Engr Peter A Ogbeide

Uploaded by

ENGR OGBEIDE PETER AFONA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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T

N
I O G
T IN
U D E
D O IT
O C S
R
T L EB
IN TM W N
H OR IG
F ES By: Engr. Peter A. Ogbeide
D Teacher, Domdest National School, Benin City , Edo State.
HTML CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• WORLD WIDE WEB
• HTML TOOLS
• HTML TERMINOLGY
• HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML
DOCUMENT
• TEXT TEGS
• SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

HTML is a language for describing


web pages.
HTML stands
for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming
language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup
tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe
web pages
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the
World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be displayed using a
browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be
used on any platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To
display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different e l
eme n t s ( h e a d i n g s , p a r a g r a p h s , t a b l e s , a n d s o
o n ) o f t h e document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up
document u s e r h a s t o o p e n t h e d o c u m e n t i n a b r
o w s e r . A b r o w s e r understands and interpret the HTML tags,
identifies the structure of the document (which part are which) and
makes decision about presentation (how the parts look) of the
document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look
attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to
the other document or the different section of the same document by
creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML

create, save and view a HTML document


format a web page using section
heading tags
describe Ordered and Unordered lists
explain graphics in HTML document
describe hypertext links and making
text/image link
WORLD WIDE WEB

The World Wide Web (abbreviated


as WWW or W3 and commonly known
as the Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents
accessed via the Internet. With a web
browser, one can view web pages that
may contain text, images, videos, and
other multimedia and navigate
between them via hyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS

• There are two tools of HTML.


a)HTML Editor: it is the program that one
uses to create and save HTML
documents. They fall into two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows
one to see the HTML code as one is
creating a document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer
HTML TOOLS
b) Web Browser: it is the program that one
uses to view and test the HTML documents.
They translate Html encoded files into
text,image,sounds and other features user
see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are
examples of browsers that enables user to
view text and images and many more other
World Wide Web featueres.They are
software that must be installed on user
computer.
HTML TERMINOLGY

• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:


• a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles
brackets. it is a piece of text is used to identify
an element so that the browser realizes how to
display its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag indicates
the start of an HTML document .HTML tag can be
two types. They are:-
• -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if
text is placed between a tag and its companions
tag.In paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as
opening tag and the second tag is referred to as
closing tag.
• -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have
a companion tag .unpaired tag also known as
singular or Stand-Alone tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that
specified in the opening angle brackets. It supplies
additional information like color,size,home font-style etc to
the browser about a tag. E.g. most of the common
attributes are height, color,width,src,border,align etc.
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of rules
written in standard Generalized Markup
Language(SGML).HTML is define in terms of its DTDS. All
the details of HTML tags, entities and related document
structure are defined in the DTDS.
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a document’s
structure such as a title, a paragraph or a list. It can include
an opening and a closing tag and the contents within it.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT

The essential tags that are required


to create a HTML document are:
<HTML>.............</HTML>
<HEAD>.............</HEAD>
<BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML TAG <HTML>
• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and
associated text within your document. It is an
optional tag. You can create an HTML document
that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form
to include the start and stop tags.The format is:
• <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML
tags) goes here
• </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and
closing tag. The closing tag is the same as the
opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in
closing tags.
AN HTML DOCUMENT HAS TWO
DISTINCT PARTS HEAD AND BODY
• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>
HEAD TAG <HEAD>
• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It
contains TITLE tag to give the document a title
that displays on the browsers title bar at the
top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY TAG <BODY>
• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the
document with all the HTML tags that are used for control and
formatting of the page.The Format is:

<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,


Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH <BODY>

BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g
r o u n d c o l o r f o r t h e document
Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the
document Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH <BODY>
MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the
document LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the
document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document
Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
ATTRIBUTES USED WITH <BODY>
BACKGROUND: It is used to point to
an image file (the files with an
extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be
used as the background of the
document. The image file will be tiled
across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
FOLLOW THE STEPS TO CREATE AND VIEW IN
BROWSER
• Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d (click on
Star t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
SAVING AND VIEWING
A H T M L DOCUMENT
Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to File-Save As
give File name: myfirstpage.html-choose save as type: All
Files-click save)
Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet
Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select the file
myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok
TEXT TEGS

Text tag are dividing into two


categories as:
-Character-level tags and attributes
which applies to formatting of
individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes
which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
CHARACTER FORMATTING TAG

The character formatting


tags are used to specify how
a particular text should be
displayed on the screen to
distinguish certain
characters within the
document.
THE MOST COMMON CHARACTER
FORMATTING TAGS ARE

Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD


Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript
Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to
normal font
Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
FONT COLORS AND SIZE:<FONT>
• By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the
colors, size of the text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will
appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as
#rr0000 for red (in RGB hexadecimal
format), or by name. Example: <FONT
COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here
</FONT>
FONT COLORS AND SIZE:<FONT
• SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value
between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to
default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer
value and it will add with the default size.
• Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is
installed on the user’s machine.
• Example:
• <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be
displayed in Arial</FONT>
AN HTML DOCUMENT
FORMATTEXT.HTML SHOWS THE USE OF
CHARACTER
<HTML> FORMATTING TAGS.
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
Welcome to the world of Internet

It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG

This tag is used text horizontally


across the screen.it is mainly used
to deliver a specfic message to
the visitor or to scroll Ads on a
page.
Example: <marquee> hello
world></marquee>
ATTRIBUTES OF MARQUEE TAG

• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the


marquee.
• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box
to either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee should
be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one
loop.
PARAGRAPH FORMATTING TAG
Paragraph level formatting applies to
formatting of an entire portion of text
unlike character level tags where only
individual letters or words are
formatted.
THE MOST COMMON PARAGRAPH
FORMATTING TAGS ARE
• Using paragraph tag: <P>
This tag<P>indicates a paragrap
h ,u s e d t o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with
a blank line.
• Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes
here</P>
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
USING LINE BREAK TAG: <BR>
• The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start
from a new line and not continue on the same line. To get
every sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line
break.
• Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004
USING PREFORMATTED TEXT TAG:
<PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over s
pacing and line breaks such as typing
a p o e m . B r o w s e r preserves your space and line
break in the text written inside the tag.
• Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-11004
AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL.HTML SHOWS
THE USE OF <P>,
<BR> AND <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
AN HTML DOCUMENT CONTROL.HTML SHOWS
THE USE OF <P>,
<BR> AND <PRE>
</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is


used for creating web page. It is very simple and
easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
USING HORIZONTAL RULE TAG: <HR>
• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal
rules. It can be used to separate two sections of text.
• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.

The rest of the text goes her


<HR> ACCEPTS FOLLOWING
ATTRIBUTES
• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The
value is given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or arelative
width as percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50
percent of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and
CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the page.
• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used; it
specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded at all.
• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE=' '3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>TAGS
HTML has six header tags <H1>,
<H2>...........<H6> used to specify
section headings. Text with header
tags is displayed in larger and
bolder fonts than the normal body
text by a web browser.
Every .header leaves a blank line
above and below it when displayed
in browse.
EXAMPLE: AN HTML DOCUMENT,
HEADINGS.HTML SHOWS THE DIFFERENT
.SECTION HEADINGS
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
VIEWING OUTPUT OF HTML DOCUMENT
HEADINGS.HTML IN BROWSE

This is Section Heading 1


This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3

This is Section Heading 4


This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER

• There are certain special characters that can be used while


creating document.Following are some special character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;
EXAMPLE:
<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
ADVANTAGES OF HTML

• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not comply
with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website, if not all
websites.
• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly used for
data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

• It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it is a static language


• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML documents is hard to grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags, and make sure not to use
them
• Deprecated tags appear because another language that works with
HTML has replaced the original work of the tag; thus the other
language needs to be learned (most of the time, it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited

THE END - THANKS FOR LEARNING

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