Scribd
Upload
3 views

241Algorithms Python

Uploaded by

bcynfn159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

241Algorithms Python

Uploaded by

bcynfn159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Introduction to

Algorithms and Python


Preparatory Year Program PYP-002
Objectives

Basics of Algorithms
Representing Algorithms
Introduction to Python Programming
Variables and Data Types

2
Introduction to Algorithms

An algorithm can be


defined in different ways:
Input List
 A finite sequence of well-
defined instructions (step
by step procedure), to Algorithm
solve a particular A step-by-step procedure for solving
a problem or completing a task.
problem.
 A step-by-step process of
solving any specific Output List

problem or doing a task is


called algorithm.

3
Qualities of a good algorithm

Finite number of steps


The steps are unambiguous. Meaning
that every step leads clearly to the next
one.
The algorithm terminates eventually
with desired result (output)

4
Different ways of representing algorithm

Pseudocode
 The pseudocode is a written form
representation of the algorithm.
Flowchart
 Flowchart is graphical representation of
algorithms.

5
Pseudocode (Example of Algorithm)

Write an algorithm to find the average of two


numbers entered by user.
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Declare variables num1, num2, Average
Step-3: INPUT num1, num2
Step-4: Average  (num1 + num2)/2
Step-5: Display Average
Step-6: Stop

6
Flowchart

Flowchart is a diagrammatic or graphical


interpretation of an algorithm. It is very helpful to
explain any program to others and writing
programs.
A Flowchart
 Illustrates the logic of an algorithm
 Highlights on each particular step and their
interconnections
 It also shows the control flow from one action to the
next

7
Symbols Used In Flowchart

8
Example of flowchart
Draw a flowchart to find average of two numbers entered by user.

Start

Input num1

Input num2

Average  (num1 + num2)/2

Output Average

End

9
Python Programming

To implement the algorithm, a program must be


written in a programming language. A program is
a particular set of instructions for the computer to
follow.
 Python is a High-Level Programming Language
The programs are written by following a certain
syntax. The syntax indicates how each
instruction should be written

10
Variables

To understand the concept of algorithms in computer


science one needs to understand how variables work.
Variable
 A variable is a named piece of computer memory,
containing some information inside.
 Think of a variable as a box with a name, where we
can "store" something for retrieval and use later.
 A simple variable can hold one value at a time.
 When a new value is assigned, the old value is lost
and cannot be recovered.

11
Variables

Simple variables hold the latest value inside


When a new value is assigned, the old is
replaced

12
Variables Types
Variables can hold different types of data
name = 'Ahmed'

name Ahmed
In the notebook, you can show the variables declared in
the program and their types when you click on {x}.

Variable Data type

name= 'Ahmed' String

x=5 Integer

y = 2.5 Floating point (Real


Numbers)

13
Variable Input

Input numbers
 input() functions always return string (text) value
 To get numbered input we can use the int (convert to
integer) or float (convert to real number with decimal
point) functions

side=input('Enter side of a square:')


side=int(side)
perimeter=4*side
print(perimeter)

Output:
Enter side of a square:4
16
14
Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operation Python symbol Output
Addition 9+6 15
Subtraction 9–6 3
Multiplication 9*6 54
Division 9/6 1.5
Floor division 9 // 6 1
Remainder 9%6 3
Exponentiation 9 ** 6 531441

Order of evaluation:
1. Exponentiation
2. Division, multiplication, remainder
3. Addition and subtraction
15
Python modules

Math module in python contains multiple functions inside

Math function Python syntax


Sin(x) math.sin(x)
Cos(x) math.cos(x)
Tan(x) math.tan(x)
Radians math.radians(angle)
math.exp(5)

 math.ceil(7.1) = ? Ceiling math.ceil(x)


 math.floor(7.8) = ? Floor math.floor(x)
math.sqrt(x)

16
Python Programming

 Google Colab IDE


 Gmail account required
 https://colab.research.google.com/

17
Combining text and variable in
print

‘+’ symbol can be used within print function to


concatenate same input types (str + str)
 float or int variables need to be converted to string
using str() function to concatenate with text
GPA=3.8
name= ‘Mohammad'
print('Hello ' + name)
print('Your GPA is = ' + str(GPA))
Comma can be used to combine inputs and
variables of different types in print function without
the need of conversion to str
GPA=3.8
name=‘Mohammad'
print('Hello ',name,'\nYour GPA is = ',GPA)

18
Review Questions

Calculate the result of the following expressions


 2**3+4/2
 4*3+2*8/4**2
 13-math.ceil(19 / 4) + (4 ** math.floor(5 * 0.5))

Convert the following mathematical expressions into


Python expressions. x and y are real number inputs
that are entered by the user

19

You might also like