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U2 1 Functions

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14 views

U2 1 Functions

Uploaded by

Satish Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Lecture 1 Unit 2
FUNCTIONS

Name: Mr. Dheeraj Sundaragiri


Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
UNIT 2 - CONTENTS

🞆 Functions
🞆 Strings
🞆 Lists
🞆 Tuple
🞆 Dictionaries

2
FUNCTIONS
🞆 Defining a function
🞆 Calling a function
🞆 Types of functions
🞆 Function Arguments
🞆 Anonymous functions
🞆 Global and local variables
3
DEFINING A FUNCTION
● A function is a block of code which only
runs when it is called.
● You can pass data, known as
parameters, into a function.
● A function can return data as a result.
Creating a Function

4
DEFINING A FUNCTION

In Python a function is defined using the


def keyword.
Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):
"""docstring"""
statement(s) 5
CALLING A FUNCTION
To call a function, use the function
name followed by parenthesis:

Example
def my_function():
print("Hello from a
function")
6
Calling Function
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
Functions are of two types:
1.Built-in functions - Functions that
are built into Python.
2.User-defined functions -
Functions defined by the users
themselves.
7
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
In Python, user-defined functions can
take four different types of arguments.

1. Default arguments
2. Required arguments
3. Keyword arguments
4. Arbitrary arguments 8
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
1. Default arguments

Function definition
def defaultArg( name, msg =
"Hello!"):

Function call
9
defaultArg( name)
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
1. Default arguments - Example
def defaultArg(name, msg =
"Hello!"):

print("Hello",name + ', ' + msg)

defaultArg("Alice")

defaultArg("Bob","Good Morning!") 10

OUTPUT: Hello Alice, Hello!


FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
2. Required arguments

Function definition
def requiredArg (str,num):
Function call
requiredArg ("Hello",12)
11
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
2. Required arguments - Example
def requiredArg(name, msg):

print("Hello",name + ', ' + msg)

requiredArg("Bob","Good
Morning!")

requiredArg("Alice") 12

OUTPUT: Hello Bob, Good Morning!


FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
3. Keyword arguments

Function definition
def keywordArg( name, msg ):

Function call
keywordArg( name = "Alice", msg = "hi")
13
keywordArg( msg = "hello", name = "Bob")
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
3. Keyword arguments - Example
def keywordArg(name, msg):

print("Hello",name + ', ' + msg)


keywordArg( name = "Alice", msg =
"hi")

keywordArg( msg = "hello", name =


14
"Bob")
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
4. Arbitrary arguments

Function definition
def varlengthArgs(*vArgs):

Function call
varlengthArgs(10,20,30,40) 15
FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
4. Arbitrary arguments - Example
def varlengthArgs(*vArgs):
for i in vArgs:
print("Hello, My age is ", i)
varlengthArgs(10,20,30,40)
OUTPUT: Hello, My age is 10

16
Hello, My age is 20
ANONYMOUS FUNCTION
● In Python, anonymous function is a
function that is defined without a name.
● While normal functions are defined using
the def keyword, in Python anonymous
functions are defined using the lambda
keyword.
● Hence, anonymous functions are also
called lambda functions. 17
ANONYMOUS FUNCTION
SYNTAX
lambda arguments: expression
EXAMPLE

double = lambda x: x * 2
print(double(5))
OUTPUT: 10 18
lambda with filter()
The filter() function in Python takes in
a function and a list as arguments.
EXAMPLE
# filter out only the Multiples of 5 from a
list: lst = [3, 5, 4, 9, 8, 15, 50, 17]

new_lst = list(filter(lambda x: (x%5 !=


0),lst)) # Output: [3, 4, 9, 8, 17] 19
lambda with map()
The map() function in Python takes in
a function and a list.
EXAMPLE

# square all the items in a list:


lst = [3, 5, 4, 9, 8, 15, 50, 17]

new_lst = list(map(lambda x: x**2,lst))


# Output: [9, 25, 16, 81, 64, 225, 2500, 289] 20
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 1: Create a Global Variable
x = "global"
def foo():
print("x inside :", x)
foo()
print("x outside:", x)

OUTPUT: x inside : global 21


x outside: global
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 2: UnboundLocalError
x = "global"
def foo():
x=x*2
print(x)
foo()

OUTPUT: UnboundLocalError: local 22


variable 'x' referenced before assignment
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 3: global keyword
x = "global"
def foo():
global x
x=x*2
print(x)
foo()
23
OUTPUT: globalglobal
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 4: Accessing local variable
outside the scope.
def foo():
y = "local"
foo()
print(y)
OUTPUT: NameError: name 'y' is not 24
defined
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 5: Create a Local Variable
def foo():
y = "local"
print(y)
foo()

OUTPUT: local
25
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 6: Global variable and Local
variable with same name
x=5
OUTPUT:
def foo():
local x: 10
x = 10
print("local x:", x) global x: 5
foo()
print("global x:", x) 26
GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES
Example 7: Create a nonlocal variable
def outer():
x = "local"
def inner(): OUTPUT:
nonlocal x
x = "nonlocal" inner: nonlocal
print("inner:", x) outer: nonlocal
inner()
print("outer:", x) 27
outer()

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