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Introduction to Decision Tree Algorithm

Decision trees are a widely used machine learning algorithm for classification and regression, represented as flowchart-like structures that simplify complex decision-making processes. They consist of root nodes, decision nodes, branches, and leaf nodes, with key concepts including entropy, information gain, and pruning. While they offer advantages like interpretability and ease of implementation, they also face challenges such as overfitting and sensitivity to data changes.

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11 views

Introduction to Decision Tree Algorithm

Decision trees are a widely used machine learning algorithm for classification and regression, represented as flowchart-like structures that simplify complex decision-making processes. They consist of root nodes, decision nodes, branches, and leaf nodes, with key concepts including entropy, information gain, and pruning. While they offer advantages like interpretability and ease of implementation, they also face challenges such as overfitting and sensitivity to data changes.

Uploaded by

sajeenamalla000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Decision Tree
Algorithm
Decision trees are a powerful and widely used machine learning
algorithm for classification and regression tasks. They are a simple
yet effective way to model complex relationships in data.
Agenda
1 Introduction to Decision Tree 2 What is a Decision Tree?
Algorithm

3 Key Terminologies 4 How Decision Trees Work

5 Advantages & disadvantages 6 Applications of Decision Trees


of Decision Trees

7 Real-World Examples 8 Conclusion


What is a Decision Tree?
A decision tree is a flowchart-like structure that visually represents decisions and their possible
consequences. It breaks down a complex problem into a series of simpler decisions, leading to a
final outcome.

1 Root Node
The starting point of the decision tree, representing the initial feature used for splitting the data.

2 Decision Nodes
These are internal nodes that represent a feature or attribute used for splitting the data.

3 Branching
Each decision node has branches that represent possible values or outcomes for the
feature.

4 Leaf Nodes
These are terminal nodes that represent the final prediction or classification for a given
input.
Key Terminologies
Understanding these terms is crucial for comprehending the workings of decision trees.

1 Entropy
A measure of impurity or randomness in a set of data.

2 Information Gain
The reduction in entropy achieved by splitting a dataset based on a particular
feature.

3 Gini Impurity
Another measure of impurity, commonly used in decision tree algorithms.

4 Pruning
The process of removing unnecessary branches from the tree to prevent
overfitting.
How Decision Trees Work
The process of building a decision tree involves a series of steps, from data preparation to final prediction.

1 Data Preparation
The data is cleaned, preprocessed, and partitioned into training and testing sets.

2 Feature Selection
The best feature to split the data is chosen based on criteria like information gain or Gini impurity.

3 Splitting
The data is divided into subsets based on the chosen feature value, creating branches in the tree.

4 Pruning
Unnecessary branches are removed to reduce complexity and prevent overfitting.

5 Prediction
The tree is used to predict the outcome for new data instances by following the branches based on
the feature values.
Advantages of Decision Trees
Decision trees offer several advantages, making them popular for various applications.

Interpretability Ease of Implementation Handling of Both


Categorical and
The decision-making process is They are relatively Numerical Data
transparent and easily straightforward to implement and
understood. use. Decision trees can effectively
handle various data types.
Disadvantages of Decision Trees
Decision trees also have some limitations, which need to be considered.

Overfitting Sensitivity to Small Limited Explanatory


Changes in Data Power for Complex
They can be prone to overfitting, Relationships
particularly with noisy data. Minor variations in the data can
significantly alter the tree They may not capture complex
structure. interactions between variables.
Applications of
Decision Trees
Decision trees find applications in a wide range of fields, solving various
problems.

Healthcare Disease diagnosis, patient risk


assessment

Finance Credit risk evaluation, fraud


detection

Marketing Customer segmentation,


campaign targeting

E-commerce Product recommendation,


customer churn prediction
Real-World Examples
Decision trees are employed in many popular applications you might encounter daily.

Loan Approval Disease Diagnosis Customer Service


Chatbots
Financial institutions use Medical professionals leverage
decision trees to assess loan decision trees to diagnose Chatbots use decision trees to
applications based on factors illnesses based on symptoms guide conversations, answer
like credit score, income, and and test results. queries, and resolve customer
employment history. issues.
Conclusion
Decision trees are a powerful and versatile algorithm that offers
numerous benefits for classification and regression tasks.
Understanding their strengths and weaknesses is crucial for effectively
applying them in various domains.
Q&A

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