On World Tuberculosis (TB) Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) is calling for countries to invest in and deliver on commitments to end tuberculosis by 2030. This is especially urgent in the WHO Western Pacific Region, where nearly one in every five TB cases occur. With an estimated 1.9 million new cases and 95 000 deaths due to TB in 2023, the impact of this disease for families and communities in this Region is profound. Any delay in diagnosis or gap in care can have devastating consequences.
TB is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most often affect the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with TB cough, sneeze or spit. TB is preventable and curable with specific antibiotics, but it still kills more people than any other infection. Furthermore, if treatment is interrupted, TB bacteria can become drug resistant. Treatment of drug-resistant TB is more expensive and associated with more side-effects.
Guidance from the Regional Framework on TB
The regional TB response has been guided by the Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB: 2021–2030. However, implementation of the Framework in countries in the Region is hindered by challenges such as limited health-care infrastructure, inadequate research and innovation capacity, unaddressed poverty and inequities, and lack of sustainable funding. Additionally, information on people with TB who are diagnosed by private health-care providers is often not reported to national TB programmes, making it difficult or impossible for them to receive the latest WHO-recommended diagnostics and treatment regimens.
A recent article published in the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease titled “The Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB: Overview and critical reflection” examines the Regional Framework. Co-authored by WHO staff and partner agencies, the article underscores the urgency of transforming commitments into action, providing a road map for countries to implement the Framework and address persistent barriers to TB elimination.
“Every missed TB case is a lost opportunity to save a life,” said Dr Saia Ma’u Piukala, WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific. “We must turn our commitments into decisive action, ensuring that every person at risk gets the timely, high-quality diagnosis and care that they deserve.”
Strengthening TB services and resilient health systems
While most countries have integrated TB screening into their routine health services, some still face challenges. Strengthening these efforts will enable early detection and continuity of care, particularly in underserved areas. Modern approaches and tools − such as telemedicine, portable diagnostic devices and rapid tests – can help health workers detect TB cases early and ensure that treatment and services continue even during crises.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of TB services to crises, and demonstrated the need for resilient and scalable approaches. Countries need to ensure that diagnostics, medications and patient support remain available free of charge even during public health emergencies.
To address underreporting of TB cases, public−private collaboration should be considered and improved. This can be done by linking private providers to national TB programmes, offering incentives for private sector reporting, and enforcing mandatory TB case reporting. This will help patients in private care access WHO-recommended diagnostics and treatments, which may be free or low-cost in the public sector.
Innovation in diagnostics and treatments is also essential to strengthen TB care in both the public and private sectors. “Every cent invested in TB care and research brings us closer to a TB-free future. To get there, we need public−private partnerships and sustainable funding mechanisms,” said Dr Piukala.
Addressing social determinants and improving multisectoral collaboration
Addressing the social determinants of TB – which include poverty and inequities − requires a holistic approach with strong multisectoral involvement and accountability. Financial protection mechanisms, such as compensation for people who are being treated for TB and are unable to work, are essential to reduce economic hardship. Expanding social support programmes − for example, food assistance in high-risk communities − can also decrease the risk of TB infection. Improving access to care in underserved areas will help ensure more equitable treatment coverage.
Effective implementation of the Framework requires strong local political commitment and context-specific interventions. With declines in sources of external funding for TB control, countries must increase domestic investment in TB programmes, incorporating control of the disease into national health budgets. Long-term, sustainable financing models are essential for continuous service delivery without reliance on external donors.
WHO is providing clear guidance and targeted support to help countries turn commitments into action. This is essential to protect hard-won gains and achieve ambitious targets to end TB by 2030.
“Ending TB is about upholding the right of every individual to live a healthy and dignified life,” said Dr Piukala. “With political commitment, sustainable funding and united action across sectors, we can accelerate progress and move closer to a TB-free Western Pacific.”
_____________________________________
For further information, please contact:
Communications Unit
WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Email: [email protected]