spring-搭建web项目

本文档详细介绍了如何使用Spring搭建Web项目,从创建Maven Web项目,加入必要的依赖,复制代码和配置文件,到创建JSP发起请求,编写Servlet处理请求,调用Service和DAO完成用户注册功能,最后展示结果页面。整个过程利用了监听器将Spring容器放入ServletContext,确保容器对象全局唯一。

  • 1.之前做的是javase项目有main方法的,执行代码是执行main方法的,在main里面创建的容器对象。
    ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
  • 2.web项目是在tomcat服务器上运行的。tomcat一启动,项目是一致运行的。
  • 3.需求:web项目中容器对象只需要创建一次,把容器对象放入到全局作用域servletContext中。
    怎么实现:使用监听器,当全局作用域对象被创建时,创建容器,存入ServletContext.
    监听器作用:
    1)创建容器对象,执行
    ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    2)把容器对象放入到ServletContext,ServletContext.setAttribute(key,ctx)
    监听器可以自己创建,也可以 使用框架中提供好的ContextLoaderListener.
    在web项目中使用spring,完成学生注册功能

1.创建maven,web项目

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在这里插入图片描述

2.加入依赖

拷贝ch07-spring-mybatis中依赖,并加入 jsp,servlet依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.putao</groupId>
  <artifactId>ch11-spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!--    单元测试-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--    spring核心IOC-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    做spring事物用到的-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    mybatis依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    mybatis和spring集成的依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    mysql驱动-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    阿里公司的数据连接池-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.12</version>
    </dependency>
<!--    servlet依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
<!--    jsp依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.1-b03</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

<!--    为了使用监听器对象,加入依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!--      目的是把src/main/java目录中的xml文件包含到输出结果中。输出到classes目录中-->
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory><!--所在的目录-->
        <includes><!--包括目录下的.properties,.xml文件都会扫描到-->
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>false</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <!--      指定jdk的版本-->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

3.拷贝ch07-spring-mybatis中的代码和配置文件

  • 1)实体类
package com.putao.domain;

public class Student {
    //属性名和列名一样
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private Integer age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(Integer id, String name, String email, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.email = email;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

  • 2)dao类,dao.xml类
package com.putao.dao;

import com.putao.domain.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentDao {

    int insertStudent(Student student);
    List<Student> selectStudents();
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.putao.dao.StudentDao">
    <insert id="insertStudent" >
        insert into student values(#{id},#{name},#{email},#{age})
    </insert>

    <select id="selectStudents" resultType="com.putao.domain.Student" >
        select id,name,email,age from student order by id desc
    </select>
</mapper>
  • 3)service类,service实现类
 package com.putao.service;

import com.putao.domain.Student;

import java.util.List;

public interface StudentService {

    int addStudent(Student student);
    List<Student> queryStudents();
}
package com.putao.service.impl;

import com.putao.dao.StudentDao;
import com.putao.domain.Student;
import com.putao.service.StudentService;

import java.util.List;

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    //引用类型
    private StudentDao studentDao;

    //使用set注入,赋值
    public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
        this.studentDao = studentDao;
    }

    @Override
    public int addStudent(Student student) {
        int nums = studentDao.insertStudent(student);
        return nums;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> queryStudents() {
        List<Student> students = studentDao.selectStudents();
        return students;
    }
}

  • 4)配置文件
    spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--    把数据库的配置信息,写在一个独立的文件,便于修改数据库的配置内容
        spring知道jdbc.properties文件的位置
-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!--    声明数据源DayaSource,作用是连接数据库的-->
    <bean id="myDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
          init-method="init" destroy-method="close" >
<!--        set注入给DruidDataSource提供连接数据库信息-->
<!--        使用属性配置文件中的数据,语法${key}-->
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <!--setUrl()-->
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.passwd}" />
        <property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.max}" />
    </bean>
<!--    声明的是mybatis中所提供的SqlSessionFactoryBean类,这个类内部创建SqlSessionFactory的-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!--        set注入,把数据库连接池付给了dataSource属性-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="myDataSource" />
        <!-- mybatis主配置文件的位置
             configLocation属性是Resource类型,读取配置文件
             它的赋值,使用value,指定文件的路径,使用classpath:表示文件的位置
        -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml" />
    </bean>

    <!--創建dao對象,使用SqlSession的getMapper(StudentDao.class)
        MapperScannerConfigurer:在内部调用getMapper()生成每个到接口的代理对象
     -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!--        指定SqlSessionFactory对象的id-->
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
    <!--指定包名,包名是dao接口所在的包名
        MapperScannerConfigurer会扫描这个包中的所有接口,把每个接口都执行
        一次getMapper()方法,得到每个接口的dao对象。
        创建好的dao对象放入到spring的容器中的。dao对象的默认名称是 接口名首字母小写
    -->
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.putao.dao" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="studentService" class="com.putao.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl">
        <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao" />
    </bean>
</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springdb?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.passwd=root
jdbc.max=30

mybatis.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

<!--    设置别名-->
    <typeAliases>
<!--        name:实体类所在的包名-->
        <package name="com.putao.domain"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <!-- sql mapper(sql映射文件的位置)-->
    <mappers>
    <!--
        name:是包名,这个包中的所有mapper.xml一次都能加载
    -->
        <package name="com.putao.dao"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

4.创建一个jsp发起请求,有参数id,name,email,age。

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>注册学生</p>
    <form action="reg" method="post">
        <table>
            <tr>
                <td>id</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="id"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>姓名:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>email:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="email"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>年龄:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="age"></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td></td>
                <td><input type="submit" value="注册学生"></td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    </form>

</body>
</html>

5.创建Servlet,接收请求参数,调用Service,调用dao完成注册

package com.putao.controller;

import com.putao.domain.Student;
import com.putao.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String strId = request.getParameter("id");
        String strName = request.getParameter("name");
        String strEmail = request.getParameter("email");
        String strAge = request.getParameter("age");

        //创建spring的容器对象
//        String config= "spring.xml";
//        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(config);
        //org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@e685c79, started on Tue Sep 28 17:34:38 GMT+08:00 2021
        //org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@56f7297a, started on Tue Sep 28 17:36:15 GMT+08:00 2021
//        System.out.println("容器对象的信息===="+ctx);
        WebApplicationContext ctx = null;
        //获取ServletContext中的容器对象,创建好的容器对象,拿来就用
//        String key = WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE;
//        Object attr = getServletContext().getAttribute(key);
//        if (attr != null){
//            ctx = (WebApplicationContext) attr;
//        }

        //使用框架中的方法,获取容器对象
        ServletContext sc = getServletContext();
        ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(sc);
        //容器对象的信息====Root WebApplicationContext, started on Wed Sep 29 09:43:09 GMT+08:00 2021
        //容器对象的信息====Root WebApplicationContext, started on Wed Sep 29 09:43:09 GMT+08:00 2021
        System.out.println("容器对象的信息===="+ctx);

        //获取service
        StudentService service = (StudentService) ctx.getBean("studentService");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(Integer.parseInt(strId));
        student.setName(strName);
        student.setEmail(strEmail);
        student.setAge(Integer.valueOf(strAge));
        service.addStudent(student);

        //给一个页面
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

6.创建一个jsp作为显示结果的页面

result.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
result.jsp注册成功
</body>
</html>
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