Python day52

@浙大疏锦行

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import random
import os

#随机种子
class SimpleNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(SimpleNet, self).__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(2,1)
    def forward(self, x):
        return self.linear(x)

model = SimpleNet()
print("模型参数")
for name,param in model.named_parameters():
    print(f"{name}: {param.data}")

#全局随机种子
def set_seed(seed=42,deterministic=True):
    random.seed(seed)
    os.environ['PYTHONHASHSEED'] = str(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)

    if deterministic:
        torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True
        torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = False

set_seed(42)


# 设置设备
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

# 定义极简CNN模型（仅1个卷积层+1个全连接层）
class SimpleCNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(SimpleCNN, self).__init__()
        
        # 卷积层：输入3通道，输出16通道，卷积核3x3
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3, padding=1)
        
        # 池化层：2x2窗口，尺寸减半
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)
        
        # 全连接层：展平后连接到10个输出（对应10个类别）
        # 输入尺寸：16通道 × 16x16特征图 = 16×16×16=4096
        self.fc = nn.Linear(16 * 16 * 16, 10)
    
    def forward(self, x):
        # 卷积+池化
        x = self.pool(self.conv1(x))  # 输出尺寸: [batch, 16, 16, 16]
        
        # 展平
        x = x.view(-1, 16 * 16 * 16)  # 展平为: [batch, 4096]
        
        # 全连接
        x = self.fc(x)  # 输出尺寸: [batch, 10]
        
        return x

# 初始化模型
model = SimpleCNN()
model = model.to(device)

# 查看模型结构
print(model)

# 查看初始权重统计信息
def print_weight_stats(model):
    # 卷积层
    conv_weights = model.conv1.weight.data
    print("\n卷积层 权重统计:")
    print(f"  均值: {conv_weights.mean().item():.6f}")
    print(f"  标准差: {conv_weights.std().item():.6f}")
    print(f"  理论标准差 (Kaiming): {np.sqrt(2/3):.6f}")  # 输入通道数为3
    
    # 全连接层
    fc_weights = model.fc.weight.data
    print("\n全连接层 权重统计:")
    print(f"  均值: {fc_weights.mean().item():.6f}")
    print(f"  标准差: {fc_weights.std().item():.6f}")
    print(f"  理论标准差 (Kaiming): {np.sqrt(2/(16*16*16)):.6f}")

# 改进的可视化权重分布函数
def visualize_weights(model, layer_name, weights, save_path=None):
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
    
    # 权重直方图
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
    plt.hist(weights.cpu().numpy().flatten(), bins=50)
    plt.title(f'{layer_name} 权重分布')
    plt.xlabel('权重值')
    plt.ylabel('频次')
    
    # 权重热图
    plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
    if len(weights.shape) == 4:  # 卷积层权重 [out_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, kernel_size]
        # 只显示第一个输入通道的前10个滤波器
        w = weights[:10, 0].cpu().numpy()
        plt.imshow(w.reshape(-1, weights.shape[2]), cmap='viridis')
    else:  # 全连接层权重 [out_features, in_features]
        # 只显示前10个神经元的权重，重塑为更合理的矩形
        w = weights[:10].cpu().numpy()
        
        # 计算更合理的二维形状（尝试接近正方形）
        n_features = w.shape[1]
        side_length = int(np.sqrt(n_features))
        
        # 如果不能完美整除，添加零填充使能重塑
        if n_features % side_length != 0:
            new_size = (side_length + 1) * side_length
            w_padded = np.zeros((w.shape[0], new_size))
            w_padded[:, :n_features] = w
            w = w_padded
        
        # 重塑并显示
        plt.imshow(w.reshape(w.shape[0] * side_length, -1), cmap='viridis')
    
    plt.colorbar()
    plt.title(f'{layer_name} 权重热图')
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    if save_path:
        plt.savefig(f'{save_path}_{layer_name}.png')
    plt.show()

# 打印权重统计
print_weight_stats(model)

# 可视化各层权重
visualize_weights(model, "Conv1", model.conv1.weight.data, "initial_weights")
visualize_weights(model, "FC", model.fc.weight.data, "initial_weights")

# 可视化偏置
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))

# 卷积层偏置
conv_bias = model.conv1.bias.data
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.bar(range(len(conv_bias)), conv_bias.cpu().numpy())
plt.title('卷积层 偏置')

# 全连接层偏置
fc_bias = model.fc.bias.data
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.bar(range(len(fc_bias)), fc_bias.cpu().numpy())
plt.title('全连接层 偏置')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('biases_initial.png')
plt.show()

print("\n偏置统计:")
print(f"卷积层偏置 均值: {conv_bias.mean().item():.6f}")
print(f"卷积层偏置 标准差: {conv_bias.std().item():.6f}")
print(f"全连接层偏置 均值: {fc_bias.mean().item():.6f}")
print(f"全连接层偏置 标准差: {fc_bias.std().item():.6f}")

调参指南部分讲的太好了，没什么好摘的，直接细看。

摘自 @浙大疏锦行 的课件