1-Ubuntu上创建脚本一键更换软件源

在Ubuntu上编写一键更换清华源的shell脚本，可以按照以下步骤操作：

使用方法

1. 创建脚本文件：

vi change_to_tuna.sh

2. 复制交互式脚本：

#!/bin/bash

# 一键更换Ubuntu软件源为清华源脚本
# 检查是否为root用户
if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
    echo "Please run this script with sudo"
    exit 1
fi

# 获取系统版本信息
CODENAME=$(lsb_release -c | awk '{print $2}')
VERSION=$(lsb_release -r | awk '{print $2}')
ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture)

echo "Detected system version: Ubuntu $VERSION $CODENAME ($ARCH)"

# 备份原有源列表
BACKUP_FILE="/etc/apt/sources.list.backup.$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
cp /etc/apt/sources.list "$BACKUP_FILE"
echo "Original sources list backed up: $BACKUP_FILE"

# 根据版本设置清华源
case $CODENAME in
    "noble")    # Ubuntu 24.04
        MIRROR_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/"
        ;;
    "jammy")    # Ubuntu 22.04
        MIRROR_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/"
        ;;
    "focal")    # Ubuntu 20.04
        MIRROR_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/"
        ;;
    "bionic")   # Ubuntu 18.04
        MIRROR_URL="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Unsupported Ubuntu version: $CODENAME"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

# 生成新的源列表
cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
# Ubuntu 主仓库
deb [arch=$ARCH] $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu 更新仓库
deb [arch=$ARCH] $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu 后备仓库
deb [arch=$ARCH] $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu 安全更新仓库（使用清华镜像以在中国大陆获得更快速度）
deb [arch=$ARCH] $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 如果需要，也可以使用官方安全仓库（取消注释以下行并注释上面的安全仓库）
# deb [arch=$ARCH] http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ $CODENAME-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ $CODENAME-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb [arch=$ARCH] $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src $MIRROR_URL $CODENAME-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

echo "Successfully changed to Tsinghua Mirror"

# 更新软件包列表
echo "Updating package list..."
apt update

echo "Complete! You can now install packages using 'apt install'"

3. 赋予执行权限：

chmod +x change_to_tuna.sh

4. 运行脚本：

sudo ./change_to_tuna.sh

恢复原源

如果需要恢复原来的源，可以使用备份文件：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.backup.* /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update

注意事项

• 脚本会自动检测你的Ubuntu版本并设置对应的源
• 会自动备份原有源列表，文件名包含时间戳
• 需要root权限运行
• 更换源后建议运行 sudo apt update 更新包列表