MathJax 基础教程

Greek letters

Some capital Greek letters are the same as the Roman equivalents, so they are not separated in LATEX. For a capital beta, one must use something like \mathrm{B}: $\mathrm{B}$.

Superscripts & Subscripts
use ^ for superscripts and _ for subscripts.
x_i^2 is $x_i^2$

Groups
use { and }.
10^10 is $10^10$, 10^{10} is $10^{10}$

Parentheses

These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write (\frac12) the parentheses will be too small:$(\frac12)$. Using \left(…\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose: \left(\frac12\right) is $\left(\frac12\right)$.
There are also invisible parentheses, denoted by.: \left.\frac12\right\rbrace is $\left.\frac12\right\rbrace$.

Fractions
\frac ab applies to the next two groups, and produces $\frac ab$.And \frac{a+1}{b+1} is $\frac{a+1}{b+1}$.
For more complicated, use \over, {a+1\over b+1} is ${a+1\over b+1}$.

Sums and integrals

The subscript is the lower limit and the superscript is the upper limit, so for example \sum_1^n is $\sum_1^n$; \sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2 is $\sum_{i=0}^\infty i^2$.

Radical signs
Use sqrt, which adjusts to the size of its argument: \sqrt{x^3} is $\sqrt{x^3}$;\sqrt[3]{\frac xy} is $\sqrt[3]{\frac xy}$.
For complicated expressions, consider using {...}^{1/2} instead, for example {\left(\frac 13\right)}^{\frac 12} is ${\left(\frac ab\right)}^{\frac 12}$.

Special functions
Such as “lim”, “sin”, “max”, “ln”, and so on are normally set in roman font instead of italic font. Use \lim, \sin, etc. to make these: \sin x $sinx$, not sin x $sinx$. Use subscripts to attach a notation to \lim: \lim_{x\to 0}

Special symbols and Notations
Some of the most common include:

• \lt $\lt$ \gt $\gt$ \le $\le$ \ge $\ge$ \neq $\neq$. \not\lt $\not\lt$(not recommended).
• \times $\times$ \div $\div$ \pm $\pm$ \mp $\mp$. \cdot is a centered dot: $x\cdot y$
• \cup $\cup$ \cap $\cap$ \setminus $\setminus$ \subset $\subset$ \subseteq $\subseteq$ \subsetneq $\subsetneq$ \supset $\supset$ \in $\in$ \notin $\notin$ \emptyset $\emptyset$ \varnothing $\varnothing$
• {n+1 \choose 2k} or \binom{n+1}{2k} ${n+1 \choose 2k}$
• \to $\to$ \rightarrow $\rightarrow$ \leftarrow $\leftarrow$ \Rightarrow $\Rightarrow$ \Leftarrow $\Leftarrow$ \mapsto $\mapsto$
• \land $\land$ \lor $\lor$ \lnot $\lnot$ \forall $\forall$ \exists $\exists$ \top $\top$ \bot $\bot$ \vdash $\vdash$ \vDash $\vDash$
• \star $\star$ \ast $\ast$ \oplus $\oplus$ \circ $\circ$ \bullet $\bullet$
• \approx $\approx$ \sim $\sim$ \simeq $\simeq$ \cong $\cong$ \equiv $\equiv$ \prec $\prec$
• \infty $\infty$ \aleph_0 $\aleph$ \nabla $\nabla$ \partial $\partial$ \Im $\Im$`\Re` $\Re$
• For modular equivalence, use \pmod like this: a\equiv b\pmod n $a\equiv b\pmod n$
• a_1, a_2, \ldots ,a_n $a_1, a_2, \ldots ,a_n$; a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n$
• Script lowercase l is \ell $\ell$

Spaces
a␣b and a␣␣␣␣b are both $ab$. To add more space, use \,, for a thin space $a\,b$ \; for a wider space $a\;b$. \quad and \qquad are large spaces: $a\quad b$, $a\qquad b$.

Text
Use \text{…}, \{x\in s\mid x\text{ is extra large}\} is $\{x\in s\mid x\text{ is extra large}\}$

Accents and diacritical marks
\hat x $\hat x$, \widehat{xy} $\widehat{xy}$,
\bar x $\bar x$, \overline{xyz} $\overline{xyz}$,
\vec, $\vec x$, \overrightarrow $\overrightarrow{xy}$ \overleftrightarrow $\overleftrightarrow{xyz}$,
\frac d{dx}x\dot x = \dot x^2 + x\ddot x $\frac d{dx}x\dot x = \dot x^2 + x\ddot x$