ZOJ_2671 Cryptography(数据结构)

Cryptography

Problem Description

Young cryptoanalyst Georgie is planning to break the new cipher invented by his friend Andie. To do this, he must make some linear transformations over the ring Zr = Z/rZ.

Each linear transformation is defined by 2×2 matrix. Georgie has a sequence of matrices $A_1$ , $A_2$ ,…, $A_n$ . As a step of his algorithm he must take some segment $A_i,A_{i+1},...,A_j$ of the sequence and multiply some vector by a product $P_{i,j}=A_i\times A_{i+1}\times ...\times A_j$ of the segment. He must do it for m various segments.

Help Georgie to determine the products he needs.

Input

There are several test cases in the input. The first line of each case contains r (1 <= r <= 10,000), n (1 <= n <= 30,000) and m (1 <= m <= 30,000). Next n blocks of two lines, containing two integer numbers ranging from 0 to r - 1 each, describe matrices. Blocks are separated with blank lines. They are followed by m pairs of integer numbers ranging from 1 to n each that describe segments, products for which are to be calculated.
There is an empty line between cases.

Output

Print m blocks containing two lines each. Each line should contain two integer numbers ranging from 0 to r - 1 and define the corresponding product matrix.
There should be an empty line between cases.

Separate blocks with an empty line.

Sample Input

3 4 4
0 1
0 0

2 1
1 2

0 0
0 2

1 0
0 2

1 4
2 3
1 3
2 2

Sample Output

0 2
0 0

0 2
0 1

0 1
0 0

2 1
1 2

题意

n个2*2的矩阵，有m个询问，每次询问$[l,r]$区间内矩阵的乘积。

题解：

因为矩阵相乘是满足结合律的，所以线段树维护矩阵乘积就行。或者类似ST表一样维护矩阵乘积也行。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#define dbg(x) cout<<#x<<" = "<<x<<endl;
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define LLINF 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f
#define eps 1e-6
 
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;   
typedef pair<int, int> P;
const int maxn = 30010;
const int mod = 1000000007;
struct matrix{
    int a[2][2];
}p[maxn*4], b[maxn];
int modd;
matrix mul(matrix a, matrix b);
void creat(int l, int r, int k);
matrix query(int l, int r, int al, int ar, int k);

int main()
{
    int n, m, r, i, j, k, l, num = 0;
    while(~scanf("%d %d %d", &modd, &n, &m))
    {
        if(num)printf("\n");
        num++;
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
            for(j=0;j<2;j++)
                for(k=0;k<2;k++)
                    scanf("%d", &b[i].a[j][k]);
        creat(1, n, 1);
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%d %d", &l, &r);
            matrix x = query(1, n, l, r, 1);
            printf("%d %d\n%d %d\n", x.a[0][0], x.a[0][1], x.a[1][0], x.a[1][1]);
            if(m)printf("\n");
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

void creat(int l, int r, int k)
{
    if(l == r){
        p[k] = b[l];
        return ;
    }
    int mid = (l+r)/2;
    creat(l, mid, 2*k);
    creat(mid+1, r, 2*k+1);
    p[k] = mul(p[2*k], p[2*k+1]);
}

matrix query(int l, int r, int al, int ar, int k)
{
    if(l == al && r == ar){
        return p[k];
    }
    int mid = (l+r)/2;
    if(ar <= mid)return query(l, mid, al, ar, 2*k);
    else if(al>mid)return query(mid+1, r, al, ar, 2*k+1);
    else return mul(query(l, mid, al, mid, 2*k), query(mid+1, r, mid+1, ar, 2*k+1));
}

matrix mul(matrix a, matrix b)
{
    matrix c;
    memset(c.a, 0, sizeof(c.a));
    for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
        for(int j=0;j<2;j++)
            for(int k=0;k<2;k++)
                c.a[i][j] = (c.a[i][j]+ a.a[i][k]*b.a[k][j]%modd)%modd;
    return c;
}