K-d树进行最近邻搜索的过程演示和详细分解

K-d树进行最近邻搜索的过程演示和详细分解

In this tutorial we will go over how to use a KdTree for finding the K nearest neighbors of a specific point or location, and then we will also go over how to find all neighbors within some radius specified by the user (in this case random).

本文将演示我们如何用KdTree去寻找查找特定点或位置的k个最近邻，然后我们还将介绍如何查找用户指定半径内的所有邻（在本例中是随机的）。

K-d树的组织

A k-d tree, or k-dimensional tree, is a data structure used in computer science for organizing some number of points in a space with k dimensions. It is a binary search tree with other constraints imposed on it. K-d trees are very useful for range and nearest neighbor searches. Each level of a k-d tree splits all children along a specific dimension, using a hyperplane that is perpendicular to the corresponding axis. At the root of the tree all children will be split based on the first dimension (i.e. if the first dimension coordinate is less than the root it will be in the left-sub tree and if it is greater than the root it will obviously be in the right sub-tree). Each level down in the tree divides on the next dimension, returning to the first dimension once all others have been exhausted. They most efficient way to build a k-d tree is to use a partition method like the one Quick Sort uses to place the median point at the root and everything with a smaller one dimensional value to the left and larger to the right. You then repeat this procedu