第六章多态性与虚函数

本节实验课为第六章多态性与虚函数的内容。

1. 定义point类，有坐标x、y两个成员变量；对point类重载“++”、“--”运算符，实现对坐标值的改变。

#include <iostream>

 

using namespace std;

class point

{

private:

    int x,y;

public:

    point(int a, int b)

    {

        x = a;

        y = b;

    }

     void show()

     {

         cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;

     }

    void operator ++()

    {

        x++;

        cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;

    }

    void operator ++(int)

    {

        y++;

        cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;

    }

    void operator --()

    {

        x--;

        cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;

    }

    void operator --(int)

    {

        y--;

        cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")"<<endl;

    }

};

int main()

{

    point t1(1,2);

    cout<<"当前位置:"<<endl;

    t1.show();

    cout<<"横着前进一步:"<<endl;

    ++t1;

    cout<<"竖着前进一步:"<<endl;

    t1++;

    cout<<"横着后退一步:"<<endl;

    --t1;

    cout<<"竖着后退一步:"<<endl;

    t1--;

    return 0;

}

2.定义一个车（vehicle）基类，有Run、stop等成员函数，由此派生出自行车（bicycle）类、汽车类（motorcar），从bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托车（motorcycle）类，他们都有run、stop等成员函数，观察虚函数的作用。

#include <iostream>

 

using namespace std;

class vehicle

{

protected:

    int x,num;

public:

    vehicle(int a, int b)

    {

        x = a;

        num = b;

    }

    virtual void run()

    {

        x++;

    }

    virtual void stop()

    {

        cout<<"当前位置:"<<x<<", 编号:"<<num<<endl;

    }

};

class bicycle :public vehicle

{

protected:

    int money;

public:

    bicycle(int a, int b,int c):vehicle(a,b)

    {

        money = c;

    }

    void run()

    {

        vehicle::run();

    }

    void stop()

    {

        cout<<"当前位置:"<<x<<",编号:"<<num<<"\n价格:"<<money<<endl;

    }

};

class motorcar :public vehicle

{

protected:

    int age;

public:

    motorcar(int a, int b, int c):vehicle(a,b)

    {

        age = c;

    }

    void run()

    {

        vehicle::run();

    }

    void stop1()

    {

        cout<<"车龄:"<<age<<endl;

    }

    void stop()

    {

        cout<<"当前位置:"<<x<<",编号:"<<num<<"\n车龄:"<<age<<endl;

    }

};

class motorcycle : public bicycle ,public motorcar

{

private:

    string name;

public:

    motorcycle(int a, int b, int c, int d, string e) :bicycle(a, b, c),motorcar(a, b, d)

    {

        name = e;

    }

 

    void run()

    {

        bicycle::run();

    }

    void stop()

    {

        bicycle::stop();

        motorcar::stop1();

        cout<<"名字:"<<name<<endl;

    }

};

int main()

{

    motorcycle t1(1,1,4,1000,"lisa");

    bicycle b1(2, 2,200);

    motorcar m1(3, 3, 5);

    t1.run();

    t1.stop();

    m1.run();

    m1.stop();

    b1.run();

    b1.stop();

    return 0;

}

3.编写程序，定义抽象基类container，由此派生出两个派生类球体类sphere、圆柱体类cylinder，分别用虚函数计算表面积和体积。

 

(1)球体的表面积为：4，球体体积为：，圆柱表面积为：2r(h+r)，圆柱体体积为：

（2）定义相应的对象，编写主函数测试。

#include <iostream>

 

using namespace std;

#define pi 3.14

class container

{

public:

    virtual double squal()= 0;

    virtual double area()= 0;

};

class sphere :public container

{

private:

    double r;

public:

    sphere(double a)

    {

        r = a;

    }

    double squal()

    {

        double c;

        c = 4*pi*r*r;

        return c;

    }

    double area()

    {

        double c;

        c = 4*pi*r*r*r/3.0;

        return c;

    }

};

class cylinder :public container

{

protected:

    double h,r;

public:

    cylinder(double a, double b)

    {

        r = a;

        h = b;

    }

    double squal()

    {

        double c;

        c = 2*pi*r*(h+r);

        return c;

    }

    double area()

    {

        double c;

        c = pi*r*r*h;

        return c;

    }

};

 

int main()

{

    container *s1 = new sphere(3);

    container *c1 = new cylinder(6,3);

    cout<<"球体的表面积体积分别为:"<<endl;

    cout<<s1->squal()<<" "<<s1->area()<<endl;

    cout<<"圆柱体的表面积体积分别为:"<<endl;

    cout<<c1->squal()<<" "<<c1->area()<<endl;

    return 0;

}

4.定义一个Animal，该类中可以存放动物的名字，并有一个Identity函数用于显示动物的种类。定义两个类Cat和Dog，都继承自Animal，并重载Identity函数，不但要显示动物的种类，还要显示动物的名字。

#include <iostream>

 

using namespace std;

class Animal

{

protected:

    string name;

public:

    Animal(string n)

    {

       name = n;

    }

    void Identity() {}

};

class Cat :public Animal

{

public:

    Cat(string n):Animal(n)

    {}

    void display()

    {

        cout<<"名字:"<<name<<endl;

    }

    void Identity()

    {

        cout<<"种类:cat"<<endl;

    }

};

class Dog :public Animal

{

public:

    Dog(string n):Animal(n)

    {}

    void display()

    {

        cout<<"名字:"<<name<<endl;

    }

    void Identity()

    {

        cout<<"种类:dog"<<endl;

    }

};

int main()

{

    Cat c("tom");

    Dog d("john");

    c.display();

    c.Identity();

    d.display();

    d.Identity();

    return 0;

}

5.请编写一个抽象类Shape，在此基础上派生出类Rectangle和Circle，二者都有计算对象面积的函数GetArea（）和计算周长函数GetPerim（）。

#include <iostream>

 

using namespace std;

#define pi 3.14

class Shape

{

public:

    virtual void GetArea() = 0;

    virtual void GetPerim() = 0;

};

class Rectangle:public Shape

{

private:

    int length,width;

public:

    Rectangle(int a, int b)

    {

        length = a;

        width = b;

    }

    void GetArea()

    {

        cout<<"长方形面积为:"<<width*length<<endl;

    }

    void GetPerim()

    {

        int c;

        c = 2*(width + length);

        cout<<"长方形周长为:"<<c<<endl;

    }

};

class Circle:public Shape

{

private:

    double r;

public:

    Circle(double a)

    {

        r = a;

    }

    void GetArea()

    {

        cout<<"圆的面积为:"<<pi*r*r<<endl;

    }

    void GetPerim()

    {

        double c;

        c = 2*pi*r;

        cout<<"圆的周长为:"<<c<<endl;

    }

};

int main()

{

    Rectangle s(2,3);

    Circle c(3);

    s.GetArea();

    s.GetPerim();

    c.GetArea();

    c.GetPerim();

    return 0;

}