centos7或 8(rocky linux 8)安装MySql5.7

一、卸载MySql

卸载之前关闭所有mysql服务

systemctl stop mysqld

查看进程,还存在的话，直接kill掉

ps -ef | grep mysql

1.首先查看已安装的mysql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

2.逐个卸载掉

rpm -e mysql-community-client-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-server-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
rpm -e mysql-community-common-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mysql-community-libs-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64

3. 卸载其他相关文件

find / -name mysql -exec rm -rf {} \;

 二、安装MySql

1.安装mysql的rpm源

centOS8中的yum库默认的是mariaDB，我们需要下载mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch，里面包含了5.6，5.7，8.0等版本。

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

安装mysql的rmp

rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

查看将要安装的mysql相关文件

yum repolist all | grep mysql

 默认情况下mysql80-community是启用的，mysql57-community是禁用的，用以下命令改变将要安装的版本

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

如果出现yum-config-manager: command not found,安装yum的utils工具即可

yum -y install yum-utils

安装完再执行上一步

2.安装MySql

yum -y install mysql-community-server

如果遇到Error: Unable to find a match: mysql-community-server
先执行以下命令，关闭当前的MariaDB，再执行上面的安装命令

yum module disable mysql 

解决CentOS yum安装Mysql8提示“公钥尚未安装”或“密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包”的问题

gpg --export -a 3a79bd29 > 3a79bd29.asc
 
rpm --import 3a79bd29.asc
 
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

再次执行安装

yum -y install mysql-community-server

安装完毕，查看MySql版本

 启动MySql

systemctl start mysqld

查看MySql状态

systemctl status mysqld

接下来是进入数据库，先查看数据库root用户的初始密码

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

如果提示没有/var/log/mysqld.log或者sock之类的文件，重启服务器即可
通过以下命令进入数据库

mysql -uroot -p

//记得修改自己的账户

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'yjft@32Rdfff'; 

//允许root能被远程访问

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'yjft@32Rdfff' with grant option;

//修改成功后刷新权限

flush privileges; 

//查看端口
 

netstat -an|grep 3306

//-显示数据库

show databases; 

// -进入库  

use mysql;       

select user, host from user;

   

//重启服务

service mysqld restart

//弄完之后用Navicat测试连接，如果能连接上就是成功了，如若不能，那就可能是防火墙限制了

firewall-cmd --list-all 

//开放3306端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp

//重启防火墙

service firewalld restart

//加入开机启动：

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

在/etc/my.cnf中对表的名称是大小写敏感配置【注意：设置后，原有的汇报大小写表都找不到，新建表才可以】，该参数修改会导致之前大写存储的表将无法识别，需要特殊处理【想要删除，可改回lower_case_table_names=0后进行删除】。

lower_case_table_names = 1

//重启生效

service mysqld restart

//验证

show variables like 'lower_case_table_names';

//字符集修改验证

show variables like "%character%";

在/etc./my.cnf对该配置文件进行修改

character_set_server=utf8

特别提醒：

建议在Linux上安装了Mysql后，就立刻修改其字符编码以绝后患！

更改 MySQL5.7 数据目录位置

home目录下建立data目录

mkdir -p /home/mysql & cd /home/mysql/

 

mv /var/lib/mysql　/home/mysql/

把MySQL服务进程停掉

mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password:

把/var/lib/mysql整个目录移到/home/mysql

mv /var/lib/mysql　/home/mysql/
//或者
cp -R /var/lib/mysql /home/mysql/  

//这样就把MySQL的数据文件移动到了/home/mysql下

 设置/home/mysql/下mysql文件夹的属主和权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql
ls
ll
chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql
ll

修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysql]
# 修改默认字符集
default-character-set = utf8
socket=/home/mysql/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/home/mysql/mysql
socket=/home/mysql/mysql/mysql.sock

# 1 不区分大小写 0区分（默认）
lower_case_table_names = 1
character-set-server=utf8


# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

重新启动MySQL服务

service mysqld start

 重载所有修改过的配置文件

systemctl daemon-reload

启动mysql 报错

service mysqld start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

分析错误信息

journalctl -xe

Linux7启动MySQL失败_解决Linux-Centos7启动Mysql服务失败丢失mysql.sock问题_Eric Q的博客-CSDN博客