Arabic or Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo

2018

One of the features of Arabic is the distinction between the pharyngeals ʕ / ḥ and the velar/uvular fricatives ġ / ḫ. The present article will focus on a number of Arabic roots containing one of these four consonants. Such a comparison may contribute to further investigations concerning the following two objectives: First of all, to consider the possibility of loanwords in early Arabic, or Semitic, that might explain the existence of two different roots with similar meaning. And, secondly, to take into account the possibility of semantic interference between different roots. Moreover, the question of semantic interference and inner-Semitic loans deserves some attention due to its relevance for etymological considerations.

International Journal of English and Education, 2013

This paper investigates the phonemic cognates of Arabic back consonants in English mainly besides German, French, and Latin. Using the lexical root theory as a theoretical framework, it shows that Arabic and English, for example, not only belong to the same family but also to the same language, contrary to traditional Comparative (Historical Linguistics) Method claims that they are not. The data consists of representative examples containing the pharyngeals /2 & 3/, the velar fricatives /kh & gh/, the uvular and velar stops /q & k/, the glottal fricative and stop /h & '/. The results show that they developed into similar ones in European languages which were either more advanced than their Arabic counterparts (e.g., /q, k/ → /t/) or unique to European languages such as /v/ which substituted for the pharyngeals and velar fricatives in the main. In other words, all the above Arabic sounds have true cognates with the same or similar forms and functions, irrespective of minor phonetic and morphological changes.

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International Journal of English and Education, 2013

This paper investigates the Arabic cognates and/or origins of family terms in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit from a lexical root theory viewpoint. The data consists of 107 terms or so such as mother, father, brother, sister, son, daughter, relative, wife, husband, couple, marriage, affiliation, friendship, and so on. The results show that all such words have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings. Their different forms, however, are all shown to be due to natural and plausible causes of linguistic change. For example, English mother, German Mutter, French mere, and Latin matra derive from Arabic mar'a(t) 'woman, wife' via lexical shift, reordering,

2020

This article discusses the peculiarities of the Arabic root, its phonemic structure, and morphological categorization. The pure appearance of the Arabic root in language categorization allows you to separate the onomatopoeic feature of inflectional structure and phonetic rules of the Arabic language by which the root is categorized. This phenomenon of meaningful consonant phonemes in the Arabic roots makes the theory of onomatopoeia practicable not just only in Arabic but also in other Semitic languages. Moreover, the first consonant of an Arabic root usually contains the word's primary, essential meaning, and the second and third lookup. Also, in this work, it is noted that the grammar of the Arabic language has many features aimed at preserving the "purity" of the language and ensuring its continuity. It means that Arabic grammar is working as a trusted keeper of Arabic; therefore, the rules of this phenomenon are well prepared by old Arab grammarians. The Arabic root can show very useful organized peculiarities making Arabic so easy to understand and makes the Arabic words formed systematically. The article reveals "the Arabic law of language self-defense" and its basic rules, such as the principle of progressive language categorization.