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python fundamentals

Introduction to Python

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MARK SIMIYU
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12 views

python fundamentals

Introduction to Python

Uploaded by

MARK SIMIYU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

It seems you meant "Fundamentals of Python".

Here’s a quick overview of Python


fundamentals:

1. Introduction to Python

• Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language.


• It is known for its simplicity and readability.
• Common use cases: web development, data science, automation, AI, and more.

2. Basic Syntax

• Python uses indentation (not braces) to define blocks of code.


• Comments are written using #.

# This is a comment
print("Hello, World!") # Prints output

3. Variables and Data Types

• Variables are dynamically typed (no need to declare type).


• Common data types:
o int (integer)
o float (decimal numbers)
o str (strings)
o bool (True/False)

x = 5 # int
y = 3.14 # float
name = "Isaac" # str
is_active = True # bool

4. Control Flow

• Conditional Statements: if, elif, else


• Loops: for and while

# If-else example
age = 18
if age >= 18:
print("Adult")
else:
print("Minor")
# Loop example
for i in range(5):
print(i)

5. Functions

• Functions are defined using def.

def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Isaac"))

6. Data Structures

• Lists: Ordered, mutable collections.


• Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections.
• Dictionaries: Key-value pairs.
• Sets: Unordered, unique elements.

# List
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

# Dictionary
person = {"name": "Isaac", "age": 28}

# Set
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3}

7. Modules and Libraries

• Python has built-in and third-party modules.


• Example: math, random, os, numpy.

import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # 4.0

8. File Handling

• Open, read, write, and close files.

with open("file.txt", "w") as file:


file.write("Hello, Python!")
9. Object-Oriented Programming

• Classes and objects allow modular programming.

class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name

def greet(self):
return f"Hi, I’m {self.name}!"

p = Person("Isaac")
print(p.greet())

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