FatMouse and Cheese

FatMouse has stored some cheese in a city. The city can be considered as a square grid of dimension n: each grid location is labelled (p,q) where 0 <= p < n and 0 <= q < n. At each grid location Fatmouse has hid between 0 and 100 blocks of cheese in a hole. Now he's going to enjoy his favorite food. 

FatMouse begins by standing at location (0,0). He eats up the cheese where he stands and then runs either horizontally or vertically to another location. The problem is that there is a super Cat named Top Killer sitting near his hole, so each time he can run at most k locations to get into the hole before being caught by Top Killer. What is worse -- after eating up the cheese at one location, FatMouse gets fatter. So in order to gain enough energy for his next run, he has to run to a location which have more blocks of cheese than those that were at the current hole. 

Given n, k, and the number of blocks of cheese at each grid location, compute the maximum amount of cheese FatMouse can eat before being unable to move. 

Input

There are several test cases. Each test case consists of 

a line containing two integers between 1 and 100: n and k 
n lines, each with n numbers: the first line contains the number of blocks of cheese at locations (0,0) (0,1) ... (0,n-1); the next line contains the number of blocks of cheese at locations (1,0), (1,1), ... (1,n-1), and so on. 
The input ends with a pair of -1's. 

Output

For each test case output in a line the single integer giving the number of blocks of cheese collected. 

Sample Input

3 1
1 2 5
10 11 6
12 12 7
-1 -1

Sample Output

37

题意：给一个矩阵，以及每一步能够走的步数，求出老鼠能够吃到的最多的奶酪数，（前一个格子的奶酪数少于后一个格子的）
思路：采用记忆化搜索，dp[i][j]表示在（i，j）点的时候的最大奶酪数
代码：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int mapp[110][110];
int dp[110][110];
int dir[4][2]={0,1,0,-1,1,0,-1,0};
int n,k;
int dfs(int sx,int sy)
{
   int i,j,tx,ty,maxx=0,temp;
   if(dp[sx][sy]!=-1)       //该点已经计算过
      return dp[sx][sy];
   for(i=0;i<4;i++)            //2个循环控制该点所能走的地方
     for(j=1;j<=k;j++)
     {
        tx=sx+dir[i][0]*j;
        ty=sy+dir[i][1]*j;
        if(tx<0||tx>=n||ty<0||ty>=n||mapp[tx][ty]<=mapp[sx][sy])    //剪枝
          continue;
        temp=dfs(tx,ty);
        if(temp>maxx)        //max保存由该点所能到达之处能吃到的最大奶酪数
           maxx=temp;
     }
  dp[sx][sy]=mapp[sx][sy]+maxx;      //得到由该点出发所能吃到的最大奶酪数，保存在dp里
  return dp[sx][sy];
}
int main()
{
  int i,j;
  while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&k))
  {
    if(n==-1&&k==-1)
       break;
    memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));    //初始化数组
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
      for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        scanf("%d",&mapp[i][j]);
     printf("%d\n",dfs(0,0));
  }
  return 0;
}