GPIO 使用及测试方法

最新推荐文章于 2026-04-12 22:09:37 发布

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本文详细介绍了GPIO的两种控制方式：通过sysfs接口操作和编写字符设备驱动进行控制。内容涵盖GPIO的导出、方向设置、读写操作以及中断处理，并提供了一个简单的测试示例。

一、通过sys控制

1. 在kernel的GPIO中，选择/sys/class/gpio...

默认在/sys/class/gpio 目录下创建 export, unexport 文件及gpio0(0为基节点)

2. "export" 导出一个 GPIO的控制到用户空间

ex: "echo 19 > export" 创建一个"gpio 19"节点

创建新目录：/sys/class/gpio/gpio19

注：19 是基节点号加上GPIO编号，具体的对应和硬件设计有关

3. 输入输出方向

进入/sys/class/gpio/gpio19目录

"echo out|in > direction"

4. 输出高低控制

"echo 1|0 > value"

5. GPIO转IRQ

首先设置GPIO为输入状态

使用函数 int gpio_to_irq(unsigned gpio) 获取映射端口号

6. “unexport” 卸载节点

ex: "echo 19 > unexport"

二、函数控制

1. 编写字符设备，通过ioctl控制GPIO状态。

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/io.h>

#include <linux/gpio.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <linux/cdev.h>

#include <linux/device.h>

#include <linux/ioctl.h>

#define DEVICE_NAME "gpioctl"

#define IOC_MAGIC 'x'

#define SET_OUTPUT_LOW _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 0,int)

#define SET_OUTPUT_HIGH _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 1, int)

#define SET_INPUT _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 2, int)

#define GET_VALUE _IOR(IOC_MAGIC, 3, int)

static struct class *gpio_class;

static struct gpio gpio_array[] =

{ /*GPIO号，状态标志，标签*/

{ 33, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP33"},

{ 32, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP32"},

{ 22, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP22"},

{ 66, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP66"},

{ 63, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP63"},

{ 21, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, "GP21"}

};

static int gpio_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

return 0;

}

static int gpio_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)

{

return 0;

}

static int gpio_read(struct file *f, char *dst, size_t size, loff_t *offset)

{

return 0;

}

static int gpio_write(struct file *f, const char *src, size_t size, loff_t *offset)

{

return 0;

}

static long gpio_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long gpio)

{

unsigned long gpio_num;

if (gpio < 0 || gpio >= ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_array))

return -1;

else

gpio_num = gpio_array[gpio].gpio;

switch(cmd){

case SET_OUTPUT_LOW:

gpio_direction_output(gpio_num, 0);

break;

case SET_OUTPUT_HIGH:

gpio_direction_output(gpio_num, 1);

break;

case GET_VALUE:

return gpio_get_value(gpio_num);

case SET_INPUT:

gpio_direction_input(gpio_num);

break;

default:

printk(KERN_DEBUG "GPIO COMMAND MISTAKE\n");

break;

}

return 0;

}

static const struct file_operations gpio_fops =

{

.owner = THIS_MODULE,

.open = gpio_open,

.release = gpio_release,

.read = gpio_read,

.write = gpio_write,

.unlocked_ioctl = gpio_ioctl

};

static int __init gpio_init(void)

{

int ret, result;

struct cdev *gpio_cdev;

dev_t my_dev_no;

int major;

ret = gpio_request_array(gpio_array, ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_array));

if (ret < 0)

{

printk(KERN_EMERG "GPIO request failed\n");

goto request_failed;

}

gpio_cdev = cdev_alloc();

if(gpio_cdev == NULL)

{

printk(KERN_EMERG "Cannot alloc cdev\n");

goto request_failed;

}

cdev_init(gpio_cdev,&gpio_fops);

gpio_cdev->owner=THIS_MODULE;

result=alloc_chrdev_region(&my_dev_no,0,1,DEVICE_NAME);

if(result < 0)

{

printk(KERN_EMERG "alloc_chrdev_region failed\n");

goto request_failed;

}

major = MAJOR(my_dev_no);

ret=cdev_add(gpio_cdev,my_dev_no,1);

gpio_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEVICE_NAME);

device_create(gpio_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);

return ret;

request_failed:

gpio_free_array(gpio_array, ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_array));

return ret;

}

static void __exit gpio_exit(void)

{

device_destroy(gpio_class, MKDEV(major, 0));

class_unregister(gpio_class);

class_destroy(gpio_class);

unregister_chrdev(major, DEVICE_NAME);

gpio_free_array(gpio_array, ARRAY_SIZE(gpio_array));

}

late_initcall(gpio_init);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

MODULE_VERSION ("v2.0");

MODULE_AUTHOR("fw");

MODULE_DESCRIPTION("GPIO control driver");

GPIO中断

int gpio_to_irq(unsigned gpio);

int irq_to_gpio(unsigned irq);

2. 测试demo

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#define IOC_MAGIC 'x'

#define SET_OUTPUT_LOW _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 0, int)

#define SET_OUTPUT_HIGH _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 1, int)

#define SET_INPUT _IOW(IOC_MAGIC, 2, int)

#define GET_VALUE _IOR(IOC_MAGIC, 3, int)

void usage(void)

{

fprintf(stderr, "usage: gpioctl gpionum flags\n");

fprintf(stderr, "gpionum value:0~5\n");

fprintf(stderr, "flags: 0-set output low 1-set output high 3-set input 4-get value\n");

}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

int fd, ret;

int gpionum, flags;

if (argc < 3)

{

usage();

return -1;

}

gpionum = atoi(argv[1]);

if (gpionum < (GPIO_MIN + 1) || gpionum > (GPIO_MAX - 1))

{

fprintf(stderr, "gpionum value error\n");

return -1;

}

flags = atoi(argv[2]);

if (flags < 0 || flags > 4)

{

fprintf(stderr, "flags value error\n");

return -1;

}

fd = open("/dev/gpioctl", 0);

if (fd < 0)

{

fprintf(stderr, "Open device error\n");

}

switch(flags)

{

case 0:

ret = ioctl(fd, SET_OUTPUT_LOW, gpionum);

break;

case 1:

ret = ioctl(fd, SET_OUTPUT_HIGH, gpionum);

break;

case 2:

ret = ioctl(fd, SET_INPUT, gpionum);

break;

case 3:

ret = ioctl(fd, GET_VALUE, gpionum);

break;

}

fprintf(stderr, "return:%d\n",ret);

close(fd);

return 0;

}