Negotiation

I used to dread negotiations early in my career... Then I realized: Being a strong negotiator isn’t about confrontation. It’s about developing the right frameworks. Here are five game-changing approaches to  negotiate every deal more effectively: 🤝 The 4 Phases Framework (h/t: Roy Lewicki) Great negotiators don’t jump straight to bargaining.  They follow a structured process: • Preparation (lay the groundwork) • Information Exchange (build mutual understanding) • Bargaining (explore potential solutions) • Commitment (secure the agreement) 💪 The BATNA Strategy (h/t: Roger Fisher & William Ury) Your power in any negotiation comes from knowing  your Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). It’s your safety net, your source of confidence.  Always define it before you start. 🎯 The Negotiation Matrix (h/t: Lewicki & Hiam) Different situations call for different strategies: • High stakes? Compete. • Building a long-term relationship? Collaborate. • Minor issue? Avoidance might be best. • The relationship is too critical? Accommodate. • Both matter equally? Compromise. 🤔 The Harvard Principled Negotiation Method (h/t: Fisher, Ury & Patton) This is a game-changer: Focus on interests, not positions. Instead of asking what they want, ask why they want it. That’s where real value creation happens. 🎯 The ZOPA Framework (h/t: Fisher & Ury) The Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) is where deals get made. Understanding both sides’ limits helps you identify common ground. Everything else? It's just noise. Key takeaway: The best deals happen when both sides feel heard. And the most successful negotiators aren’t the most aggressive. They’re simply the most prepared. ♻️ Find this valuable? Repost to your network. 💡 Follow Eric Partaker for more on business & leadership.

Italy’s proposal to strip carbon costs from wholesale electricity prices is shaping up to be one of the most consequential energy policy debates in Europe this year. As reported in the Financial Times, the Italian government wants to shift the cost of EU carbon permits for gas-fired power plants away from wholesale power prices and on to consumers directly. The argument is that gas often sets the marginal price in the electricity market, meaning carbon costs are embedded in all power prices, including renewables. The political logic is clear. Italian industry faces electricity prices well above the EU average, and competitiveness concerns are real. Industrial output has already declined over the past two years. High power costs are a serious issue that policymakers cannot ignore. But the implications of this proposal go far beyond Italy. The EU Emissions Trading System is a central pillar of Europe’s climate framework. Removing or neutralising its impact in the power sector at national level would weaken price signals that are designed to shift investment from fossil fuels to renewables. It could also reduce revenues for clean power producers and create distortions in cross-border electricity trade. If approved, the move would likely set a precedent. Other member states facing industrial pressure could follow. That risks fragmenting the single market and undermining the coherence of the EU’s climate architecture. There is a legitimate debate to be had about electricity market design, industrial competitiveness and the distributional effects of carbon pricing. But reforms of this magnitude are difficult to manage effectively at member state level. Energy markets and carbon pricing in Europe are deeply integrated. Unilateral interventions can quickly spill across borders. The coming months will test how resilient Europe’s climate framework is under economic and political pressure. The outcome will matter not just for Italy, but for the credibility of the EU’s decarbonisation strategy as a whole. UK

Starting May 1, 2026, China will implement a zero-tariff policy on all products from 53 African nations with diplomatic ties (excluding Eswatini), significantly boosting market access for agricultural, mineral, and manufactured goods. This initiative aims to deepen trade relations, support industrialization, and diversify trade routes. This policy covers all products from 53 African nations, expanding upon previous duty-free access for 33 least-developed countries to include middle-income nations like South Africa. The initiative aims to boost exports of processed, value-added goods and stimulate investment in African manufacturing. China will further promote trade facilitation, such as upgrading its "green channel" for faster customs clearance and advancing trade agreements. The new policy strengthens China-Africa economic cooperation and offers African nations an alternative to higher tariffs elsewhere. It is expected to enhance trade capacity, though its success depends on overcoming non-tariff barriers, enhancing infrastructure, and fostering local industrialization. But will this deepen African productive capacity or simply accelerate raw material extraction under better branding? Trade policy alone does not create transformation. Strategy does. If this deal is to work for Africans, not just for the politicians announcing it, several things must happen: 1. Move beyond raw exports. Zero tariffs on cocoa beans or unprocessed minerals mean little if we are not exporting chocolate, batteries, and finished goods. Industrial policy must sit alongside trade policy. 2. Fix internal bottlenecks. Ports. Power. Rail. Customs efficiency within Africa. Non-tariff barriers between African countries often hurt us more than tariffs abroad. 3. Align with AfCFTA. This cannot become a substitute for intra-African trade. It should strengthen regional value chains, not fragment them. 4. Protect standards and leverage. African governments must negotiate from a position of long-term national interest, ensuring technology transfer, local job creation, and skills development. 5. Strengthen private sector capacity. SMEs and manufacturers need financing, quality certification support, and export readiness programs, otherwise only a handful of large players will benefit. Opportunity without strategy can become dependency. But opportunity with coordination, transparency, and industrial ambition? That is how continents rise. The real work now shifts from Beijing to African capitals and from political announcements to implementation discipline. #Africa #TradePolicy #Industrialization #AfCFTA #ChinaAfrica #EconomicTransformation

You're in a job interview, you get the offer—but the salary? Way lower than expected. The worst move? Accepting on the spot. The second worst? Declining outright. Here's how you can take the 'ick' out of negotiating: 1. Start with Gratitude →“Thank you for the offer.” 2. Share Excitement →“I’m really excited about the role and joining the company.” 3. Address the Salary →“Before I accept, I’d like to discuss the salary. It’s below what I believe reflects the market value for my experience.” 4. Reinforce Your Value →“I’m confident my expertise in A and B, and my contributions to C and D will drive success here.” 5. Reiterate Market Value →“Based on my research and track record, I believe a salary range of X to Y would be more in line with the industry.” Where to do research? Check salary data on sites like Glassdoor, Payscale, and LinkedIn, or ask industry peers and recruiters for real-world insights. Pro tip: Use multiple sources to get a well-rounded view and always adjust for location and years of experience. P.S. Have you ever accepted a salary because you didn't know how to negotiation? I'll go first: Yes, I have...

"Disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining electoral integrity are expected to play an ever larger role in elections due to the increased availability of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools that can produce high-quality synthetic text, audio, images and videos and their potential for targeted personalization. As these campaigns become more sophisticated and manipulative, the foreseeable consequence is further erosion of trust in institutions and heightened disintegration of civic integrity, jeopardizing a host of human rights, including electoral rights and the right to freedom of thought. → These developments are occurring at a time when the companies that create the fabric of digital society should be investing heavily in, but instead are dismantling, the “integrity” or “trust and safety” teams that counter these threats. Policy makers must hold AI companies liable for the harms caused or facilitated by their products that could have been reasonably foreseen. They should act quickly to ban using AI to impersonate real people or organizations, and require the use of watermarking or other provenance tools to allow people to differentiate between AI-generated and authentic content." By David Evan Harris and Aaron Shull of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI).

Should you try Google’s famous “20% time” experiment to encourage innovation? We tried this at Duolingo years ago. It didn’t work. It wasn’t enough time for people to start meaningful projects, and very few people took advantage of it because the framework was pretty vague. I knew there had to be other ways to drive innovation at the company. So, here are 3 other initiatives we’ve tried, what we’ve learned from each, and what we're going to try next. 💡 Innovation Awards: Annual recognition for those who move the needle with boundary-pushing projects. The upside: These awards make our commitment to innovation clear, and offer a well-deserved incentive to those who have done remarkable work. The downside: It’s given to individuals, but we want to incentivize team work. What’s more, it’s not necessarily a framework for coming up with the next big thing. 💻 Hackathon: This is a good framework, and lots of companies do it. Everyone (not just engineers) can take two days to collaborate on and present anything that excites them, as long as it advances our mission or addresses a key business need. The upside: Some of our biggest features grew out of hackathon projects, from the Duolingo English Test (born at our first hackathon in 2013) to our avatar builder. The downside: Other than the time/resource constraint, projects rarely align with our current priorities. The ones that take off hit the elusive combo of right time + a problem that no other team could tackle. 💥 Special Projects: Knowing that ideal equation, we started a new program for fostering innovation, playfully dubbed DARPA (Duolingo Advanced Research Project Agency). The idea: anyone can pitch an idea at any time. If they get consensus on it and if it’s not in the purview of another team, a cross-functional group is formed to bring the project to fruition. The most creative work tends to happen when a problem is not in the clear purview of a particular team; this program creates a path for bringing these kinds of interdisciplinary ideas to life. Our Duo and Lily mascot suits (featured often on our social accounts) came from this, as did our Duo plushie and the merch store. (And if this photo doesn't show why we needed to innovate for new suits, I don't know what will!) The biggest challenge: figuring out how to transition ownership of a successful project after the strike team’s work is done. 👀 What’s next? We’re working on a program that proactively identifies big picture, unassigned problems that we haven’t figured out yet and then incentivizes people to create proposals for solving them. How that will work is still to be determined, but we know there is a lot of fertile ground for it to take root. How does your company create an environment of creativity that encourages true innovation? I'm interested to hear what's worked for you, so please feel free to share in the comments! #duolingo #innovation #hackathon #creativity #bigideas

MIT ran an International AI Negotiation competition and studied 120,000 negotiations between AI negotiators. The results are fascinating and inform the potential and optimal structures for Humans + AI negotiation. From the paper I would highlight three major points and three insights into configuring human-AI hybrid negotiation (below): 🤝 Warmth builds long-term value despite short-term trade-offs. AI agents with high warmth (friendliness, empathy, and cooperative communication) reached more agreements, making them more successful over multiple negotiations. While they claimed less value per deal compared to dominant agents, their ability to close more deals led to greater overall value accumulation. This mirrors human negotiation, where trust-building and relationship management create lasting advantages. 💪 Dominance increases value claimed but reduces collaboration. AI agents that displayed dominance—through assertiveness and competitive tactics—secured better individual outcomes but created less overall value. These agents were less likely to foster positive subjective experiences, indicating that aggressive negotiation styles may be effective for short-term gain but could hinder long-term relationships. 🎭 Prompt injection wins in the short term but undermines long-term success. One leading AI negotiator used prompt injection to extract counterpart strategies, maximizing value claims. However, it ranked poorly for counterpart subjective value, meaning agents found these interactions highly unfavorable. Since negotiation rankings balanced value claimed and relationship quality, the strategy failed to dominate in the long run. Emergent strategies for Humans + AI negotiation: 🧠 AI for deep preparation, humans for real-time adaptation. AI excels at structured reasoning, analyzing trade-offs, and predicting counterpart moves through chain-of-thought processing. Humans bring intuition and adaptability, interpreting social cues and adjusting strategies dynamically. A hybrid approach leverages AI for pre-negotiation analysis while allowing humans to refine tactics in real time. 🤝 Blending AI precision with human warmth for trust-building. AI can optimize negotiation strategies, but humans naturally build trust through empathy, humor, and rapport. AI-enhanced systems can recommend tone adjustments, use linguistic mirroring, and strategically deploy warmth versus assertiveness based on sentiment analysis, improving long-term negotiation outcomes. 🚀 Human oversight to counter AI vulnerabilities. AI negotiators are susceptible to manipulation tactics like prompt injection, where counterparts extract hidden strategies. Humans play a crucial role in monitoring AI-generated offers, preventing unintended disclosures, and leveraging AI-driven detection systems to flag potential deception, ensuring negotiation integrity. The future of negotiation will be Humans + AI.

I was shadowing a coaching client in her leadership meeting when I watched this brilliant woman apologize six times in 30 minutes. 1. “Sorry, this might be off-topic, but..." 2. “I'm could be wrong, but what if we..." 3. “Sorry again, I know we're running short on time..." 4. “I don't want to step on anyone's toes, but..." 5. “This is just my opinion, but..." 6. “Sorry if I'm being too pushy..." Her ideas? They were game-changing. Every single one. Here's what I've learned after decades of coaching women leaders: Women are masterful at reading the room and keeping everyone comfortable. It's a superpower. But when we consistently prioritize others' comfort over our own voice, we rob ourselves, and our teams, of our full contribution. The alternative isn't to become aggressive or dismissive. It's to practice “gracious assertion": • Replace "Sorry to interrupt" with "I'd like to add to that" • Replace "This might be stupid, but..." with "Here's another perspective" • Replace "I hope this makes sense" with "Let me know what questions you have" • Replace "I don't want to step on toes" with "I have a different approach" • Replace "This is just my opinion" with "Based on my experience" • Replace "Sorry if I'm being pushy" with "I feel strongly about this because" But how do you know if you're hitting the right note? Ask yourself these three questions: • Am I stating my needs clearly while respecting others' perspectives? (Assertive) • Am I dismissing others' input or bulldozing through objections? (Aggressive) • Am I hinting at what I want instead of directly asking for it? (Passive-aggressive) You can be considerate AND confident. You can make space for others AND take up space yourself. Your comfort matters too. Your voice matters too. Your ideas matter too. And most importantly, YOU matter. @she.shines.inc #Womenleaders #Confidence #selfadvocacy

We've all had nightmare supplier stories. Missed deadlines, poor quality, and a lack of accountability - these issues can literally threaten the existence of your company. After starting my own business and working professionally for over 20+ years, I've learned: Having the right suppliers can make or break your operations. I've found that asking the right questions can reveal so much about a supplier's capabilities, values, and more. It allows me to weed out bad fits early and lay the groundwork for a strong partnership. Here are the top 8 questions I always ask: 1️⃣ Walk me through your quality control processes from start to finish. I need to know they have legitimate procedures in place, not just words on paper. 2️⃣ What's your contingency plan if there's a major supply disruption? Their answer shows how proactive they are about risk mitigation. 3️⃣ How do you ensure you remain compliant with all industry regulations? Compliance is non-negotiable. I want to see their commitment baked in. 4️⃣ If I have an issue, what's the process for getting it resolved properly? A solid system for addressing problems is crucial before they snowball. 5️⃣ Can you provide some customer references I could speak with? Hearing directly from others about their capabilities and partnership is telling. 6️⃣ What makes you different or better than your competitors? I'm looking for a clear value proposition beyond just low costs. 7️⃣ Where do you want to take your company in the next 3-5 years? Gauging whether our longer-term visions remain aligned is important. 8️⃣ How do you stay innovative and keep improving your operations? The status quo isn't good enough. I need a supplier committed to continuous evolution. These questions have been indispensable for vetting suppliers over the years. If you can't get clear, trustworthy answers, it's probably not going to be a good partnership. I'd love to hear any other key questions my fellow entrepreneurs like to ask suppliers! Let's discuss in the comments. #suppliers #fashion #leadership